Factores psicosociales de riesgo y delitos asociados a pacientes declarados inimputables, con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, que fueron internados en el Instituto de Neurociencias de la Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil-Ecuador desde el 2013 hasta el 2022

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, mostly of deficient evolution, with heterogeneous characteristics, which entails repercussions at the cognitive, behavioral, physical and emotional levels, with implications in the social, family and work environments, among others. The context in which the patient develops is nuanced by psychosocial factors that may be risk factors or protective, in addition to the fact that they respond to structural causes and, therefore, could complicate or favor the prognosis and evolution of schizophrenia. It is common for patients with schizophrenia to have problems with justice due to the erratic behaviors they may commit. The general objective of this research was to determine the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and variables linked to schizophrenia in unimputable patients who were hospitalized at the Neurosciences Institute of the Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil-Ecuador, from 2013 to 2022. For this, research of quantitative approach, correlational scope, non-experimental and retrospective design was carried out. We worked with 64 clinical histories from the INC-JBG database. The instruments used were a psychosociodemographic and judicial form, in addition to a documentary review. It was found that the majority are men, with an average age of 35 years, incomplete schooling, living in urban areas, with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations. In addition, they have committed crimes related to assaults or injuries and, due to their severity, have been fatal. It is essential to consider these factors in order to prevent and intervene in patients with schizophrenia.