Diagnóstico de las principales enfermedades fúngicas en huertos productivos de Solanum betaceum (tomate de árbol) en el sector de Gullancay-Guachapala

Abstract

The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is considered one of the most important crops in cold-climate regions and represents a key component of the economy in Guachapala canton. In 2010, it reached a production volume of 200 metric tons, becoming one of the region’s most prominent agricultural products. However, its cultivation is significantly affected by phytopathogenic diseases and nutritional deficiencies, which primarily impact the foliage and fruit, reducing leaf photosynthetic capacity and diminishing fruit quality. This study aimed to determine the incidence and severity of fungal diseases affecting tree tomato crops and to identify the main fungal pathogens present. The research was conducted in the Gullancay sector, Guachapala canton, in three productive orchards. Field visits were carried out for sample collection of leaves, fruits, and stems showing disease symptoms. In the laboratory, samples were cultured in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium, and fungal identification was performed using methylene blue staining. Results showed the presence of Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Oidium. In Orchard 2 (T2), Colletotrichum had an incidence of 58.3% and a severity of 60.11%, while Alternaria showed 41.6% incidence and 39.88% severity. Fusarium was identified with an incidence of 33.9% in Orchard 1 (T1) and a severity of 46.06% in Orchard 3 (T3). Oidium did not present significant values of incidence or severity. In conclusion, the study confirmed a high incidence and severity of fungal diseases affecting tree tomato crops in the Gullancay sector.