Revisión bibliográfica sobre el empleo de antimicrobianos de reserva en Latinoamérica durante el período 2017-2019

Abstract

Antimicrobials are one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the health area, their constant and indiscriminate use has generated an increase in drug resistance in the population. For this reason, health personnel have seen the need to use broader spectrum antimicrobials. For this reason, health personnel have found it necessary to use broader spectrum antimicrobials, which have a more powerful mechanism of action and some of them are even considered as the last therapeutic option for numerous infectious diseases present in Latin America, these are called “Reserve Antimicrobials”. Which in recent years have experienced a considerable increase in the frequency of their use. A bibliographic review of several Latin American countries was carried out on the use of Reserve Antimicrobials; this in order to determine which medications are most frequently prescribed in the health area. Also, it was determined those pathologies that are diagnosed more frequently and for which these reserve antimicrobials are used. In the same way, the use of reserve antimicrobials in the different countries included in the study was compared. General Objective: To determine the most used Reserve Antimicrobials in Latin America; through bibliographic review of various scientific articles and databases available, the information of which corresponds to the period between 2017 to 2019. Methodology: Bibliographic review of case analysis; descriptive type, non-experimental, qualitative methodology, exploratory in nature, the study population included 18 articles and publications ; whose publication date corresponds to the period between 2017 to 2019, the collection of information was done through an exhaustive bibliographic review of scientific articles in databases such as ELSEVIER, PubMed, Scielo and through the Google Scholar search engine, no information was included outside the geographical area, years prior to those mentioned, non-original articles whose information and veracity was not confirmed. Results: 18 publications and articles were reviewed from which data on reserve antimicrobials in Latin America could be obtained, the countries that were part of this review are nine among which are: Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Cuba, Argentina, Panama and the Dominican Republic. It was determined that within the Reserve Antimicrobials that are most frequently prescribed, the group of carbapenems and fourth generation cephalosporins stand out. Meropenem and imipenem are the reserve antimicrobials used most frequently in most of the countries reviewed. Regarding the fourth generation cephalosporins, cefepime stands out, which has been used frequently in the documents analyzed. There are other groups of reserve antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and glycopeptides, among which ciprofloxacin and vancomycin stand out, which are also frequently used as pharmacotherapeutic treatment. Also, the most frequent infectious pathologies were determined, where the reserve antimicrobials were used, these being; those that affect the urinary tract, followed by those associated with the respiratory system and, to a lesser extent, dermal and soft tissue infections