Variantes de cepas de COVID-19

Abstract

lntroduction. For the first time, the 2019 corona virus (COVID-19) was detected in China at the end of 2019 and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. As it is a virus with a high potential far mutation, it evolves into very aggressive strains and others less, this is evidenced in multiple investigations, currently the treatment is based on multiple therapies to prevent respiratory problems, one of the most efficient forms is antiviral therapy and vaccination. Objective. lnvestigate the main variants and characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as describe each of them and how they present certain variants, through a bibliographic review, based on articles, magazines and scientific publications.Methodology. This research is of an explanatory-descriptive nature, based on the consultation of multiple internationally renowned bibliographic sources in the period from May 2019 to September 2022. Results. 31 articles of scientific quality were analyzed and paraphrased and the necessary information on the different variants, frequency, and pathogenicity of COVID 19 was collected. Conclusions. Concern Variants significantly increase transmissibility and have the potential to increase transmission and severity of disease. They may also affect the efficacy of adenovirus and mRNA vector vaccines, although currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines remain effective in preventing serious infection and disease. lf a variant emerges with a more significant impact on global public health, it would pose a greater threat to humanity; therefore, measures to reduce transmission of the virus and efforts to monitor and understand the impact of variants must continue.