Prevalencia de lesiones de arterias coronarias en pacientes de 28 a 90 años que se realizaron cateterismo cardíaco en la Unidad de Hemodinamia del Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca, enero 2021 – marzo 2024

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery lesions or ischemic heart disease occurs when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The most common cause of this pathology is atherosclerosis, which is defined as the buildup calcium, cholesterol, and other substances in the vessel walls. (1) (2) Cardiac catheterization studies the permeability of coronary arteries and identifies lesions according to the location, extent, and the degree of clinical involvement. In addition, its approach can be changed from diagnostic to therapeutic in the same intervention. It shows a sensitivity of 43.5% with a specificity of 100%. (3) (4) Objectives: To determine the prevalence of coronary artery lesions in patients aged 28 to 90 years who underwent cardiac catheterization at the hemodynamics unit of Hospital Universitario del Rio in Cuenca, from January 2021 to March 2024. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: 274 reports were analyzed and it was determined that 161 (58.8%) patients had coronary artery lesions. Males showed a higher prevalence of 72.7%, compared to females. The aged group with the highest prevalence was that of 60 to 69 years (34.8%). Furthermore, 45.3% of the patients reported lesions in more than one coronary artery; regarding the number of affected vessels, it was found that in 54.7% of the patients the lesions occurred in only one vessel. Radial access route was the most used in 67.1% of patients; the remaining 32.9% used femoral access.