Prevalencia de hallazgos radiológicos en radiografía portátil de tórax en pacientes de neonatología con distrés respiratorio de la Fundación Pablo Jaramillo, Cuenca noviembre 2022 - diciembre 2023

Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) encompasses a series of pathological entities that frequently features respiratory symptoms. The main reason for this pathology is the lack of full lung maturity of newborns, which is associated with a deficit in surfactant production, a substance that is present in the alveoli produced by type Il pneumocytes. (1) According to a study conducted at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018, a prevalence of 63% was reported. (9) Objective: To determine the prevalence of radiological findings in portable chest X-rays in neonates with respiratory distress at Pablo Jaramillo Foundation, Cuenca, from November 2022 to December 2023. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive study. It comprises the radiological reports of neonates who underwent portable chest X-rays in the neonatology area. Results: The study showed that RDS has a prevalence of 80.4%; it occurred in early gestational age (39%). Males reported 55.3% of incidence; in addition, it occurred in normal weight patients (67.5%). The type of delivery was cesarean section (85.4%), and the radiological finding with the highest prevalence was the fine reticulogranular pattern (46.3%), which was present in both lung fields (91.1%). Conclusions: The most prevalent radiological finding was the fine reticulogranular pattern, and delivery by cesarean section is a condition for presenting RDS.