Caracterización morfométrica e índices zoométricos de los grupos raciales bovinos existentes en el cantón Cuenca

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and zoometric rates of existing cattle racial groups in the area. 1,118 cows were evaluated in the rural area in Cuenca Ecuador, with an average of 5.1years, body condition 3.4 and 2.9 parity. 23 linear measurements, 23 Faneroptics features, 4 characters udder, 13 zoometric indices were analyzed. Statistical analysis was based on the determination of frequencies, kruskal Wallis test, Chi cuadrado test, Spearman correlation. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis. An average value of chest circumference to the Holstein breed of 178.9 ± 0.46 cm was determined, Brown Swiss 179.9 ± 2.48 cm, 2.08 cm ± Jersey 168.9, and 170.9 ± 1 Creole 50 cm, an average weight of 425.5 ± 2.97 kg, 444.6 ± 15.03 kg, 355.7 kg and 374.9 ± 12.76 ± 9.31 kg respectively a height at the withers of 129.5 ± 0.26 cm, 1.25 cm ± 133.8, 121.8 ± 1.25 cm, 123.3 ± 0.89 cm. It was established that the Holstein breed in the area has three layer colors like Brown Swiss, two in the Jersey and four in Creole. The thoracic perimeter had correlation with body weight (r = 0.91). The principal component analysis allowed us to establish three groups (weight, height and support) which accounted for 74.52% of one cumulative variance. According to the cluster analysis subgroups of 17 animals it was determined. The existence of four racial groups zootechnical interest in Cuenca was found, with the Holstein breed predominates with 89%. Four breeds were identified in the area of Cuenca meeting within national and international standards set by their associations , with the pelvic zoometric indices , pelvic and relative thickness longitudinal cane presented statistical difference between racial groups