Experiencia en histerectomía radical. Instituto del cáncer SOLCA. Cuenca. 2011-2016

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. In Ecuador, it is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women, with approximately 1,800 diagnoses annually. Radical hysterectomy is a key intervention for treatment based on cancer stage and has significant implications for patient survival. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study conducted at the SOLCA Cancer Institute in Cuenca, Ecuador, from 2011 to 2016. A total of 139 cases meeting the selection criteria were included. Data were systematized using Microsoft Excel® and analyzed with SPSS V25. Results: The mean age of patients was 39 ± 14.6 years, ranging from 27 to 84 years, with the majority residing in Azuay, Cuenca. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type, observed in 27 cases, most of which were in stage IB1. Intraoperative complications were rare, with 95% of patients experiencing none. Postoperative complications included wound dehiscence and abdominal distension, each with a frequency of 7.7%. Conclusions: Radical hysterectomy at the SOLCA Cancer Institute in Cuenca demonstrated favorable surgical outcomes, a low incidence of postoperative complications, and survival exceeding 10 years. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that may enhance prognosis and quality of life for patients. The results provide valuable insights for clinical decision-making in the treatment of cervical cancer.