Evaluación del riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, prediabetes y factores asociados utilizando el cuestionario CANRISK en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño, Cuenca, durante el periodo enero-marzo de 2025

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that affects quality of life and places a burden on healthcare systems. Tools such as the CANRISK questionnaire help identify risk, enabling early interventions. Objective: To evaluate the risk of developing T2DM, prediabetes, and associated factors in patients attended at the Municipal Hospital for Women and Children of Cuenca using the CANRISK questionnaire. Methodology: An analytical study was conducted on 270 patients (95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error). The CANRISK questionnaire was applied to determine the 10-year risk of developing T2DM and prediabetes. Additionally, a form was used to collect sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v15, employing frequencies, percentages, and the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Seventy percent of participants were women, with a mean age of 38.42 ± 14.98 years. A significant association was found between T2DM risk and variables such as older age, low educational level, high body mass index, abdominal obesity, and hypertension (p<0.001). No association was observed with sex, physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol, or time since the last medical check-up. Conclusion: CANRISK is a simple tool with high sensitivity (89.6%) for identifying T2DM risk, although its specificity is limited (45.9%). Its application in Ecuador is limited; however, the results are consistent with international studies, showing statistically significant associations with variables such as hypertension, obesity, and age.