Factores predisponentes a hipertensión arterial en adultos de 40 a 65 años que acuden al centro de salud Chorocopte Cañar, enero-diciembre 2024

Abstract

Arterial hypertension constitutes a serious public health issue both globally and in Ecuador. In Ecuador, the prevalence of this condition remains alarming, affecting a significant proportion of the population particularly in rural areas where access to healthcare and preventive resources is limited. This study aims to identify the predisposing factors of arterial hypertension in adults aged 40 to 65 who attend the Chorocopte Health Center, located in Cañar, during the period from January to December 2024. A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted, based on a finite population of 455 individuals within the specified age range who receive care at the aforementioned health center. A sample of 196 patients was selected. Data collection tools included medical record reviews and a structured survey. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, applying both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to identify significant associations between predisposing factors and arterial hypertension. The main findings showed that 60.3% of the respondents were women, with the highest prevalence of hypertension observed among individuals aged 65 years (41%). The most common predisposing factors included sedentary lifestyle 77% of participants reported moderate levels of physical inactivity and overweight/obesity, which affected 45.6% and 28.4% of the respondents, respectively. Furthermore, 39% of those surveyed reported having at least one additional comorbidity, such as diabetes or dyslipidemia, which further complicated the management of hypertension.