Detección del gen blaCTX-M1, subgrupo 15 en enterobacterales productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en cepas procedentes de la Clínica Santa Ana y Hospital del Río. Cuenca, 2024

Abstract

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes that block the action of beta-lactams. They are encoded by genes of plasmid origin, with the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, being the main responsible. It represents a threat to public health because it causes complications in treatments, increases costs, and increases morbidity and mortality. Objective: to identify the presence of the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, in enterobacterales bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, isolated from strains obtained from Clínica Santa Ana and Hospital del Río in Cuenca during 2024. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15. The study population comprised bacterial strains collected from Hospital del Río and Clínica Santa Ana in 2024. A purposive sample of 85 enterobacterales strains producing ESBLs was selected. These strains were confirmed through the double-disk synergy test, following the guidelines of the CLSI 30th Edition (2024, M100). The presence of the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, was determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, was detected in 45.9% of the analyzed strains. Escherichia coli was the predominant carrier, accounting for 79.5% of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae at 20.5%. Urine samples were the most representative, constituting 87% of the total isolates. Conclusions: the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, was identified in 45.9% of the analyzed bacterial strains, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent species (79.5%) and urine samples representing the majority of isolates (87%).