Parto distócico y factores relacionados en pacientes atendidas en el área de gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, enero del 2015 - junio del 2016, Cuenca-Ecuador

Abstract

Background: Dystocia is one of the main objects of study in gynecological and obstetric practice, due to its negative impact on the mother's life. It is thus important to study its prevalence and associated factors in our locality. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dystocia and related factors in the patients treated in the gynecological obstetrics area of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. Methods: A quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in all patients treated in the gynecological and obstetrical area of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, January 2015-June 2016. The association between variables was: odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals. A statistically significant association was considered when p <0.05. Results: The prevalence of dystocia was 21.0% (593 cases). The following factors were significantly associated with dystocia: adolescent pregnancy (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.01-1.55, p=0.032); age greater than 35 years (OR=2.83, 95%CI: 2.01-3.97, p<0.001); nulliparity (OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.33-1.92, p<0.001); great multiparity (OR=4.10; 95%CI: 2.01-8.34; p<0.001); pelvic stricture (OR=80.62, 95%CI: 25.16-258.28, p<0.001); breech presentation (OR=17.98, 95%CI: 5.15-62.78, p<0.001); (OR=7.57, 95%CI: 1.38-41.47; p=0.006) and gestational hypertension (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.28-2.25, p<0.001). The provenance, preterm pregnancy, post-term, birth weight and gestational diabetes were not associated with dystocia. Conclusions: The prevalence of dystocia is high and it is associated with maternal and fetal factors, which should be included in the management and prevention strategies of dystocia in order to reduce its prevalence