Frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-ácido desoxirribonucleico de doble cadena por inmunofluorescencia indirecta en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2021-2023

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases appear because of the interaction of the environment, immunological and genetic factors, which affects approximately 5% of the world’s population; therefore, the information collected at a regional level is limited and its epidemiological index is low. Anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly associated with those pathologies. The method used for diagnosis is indirect immunofluorescence, which shows positivity through the fluorescence of the kinetoplast of the Crithidia luciliae parasite, providing information for diagnosis and prognosis. The general objective was to determine the frequency of anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by indirect immunofluorescence in patients treated at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital from 2021 to 2023. This study was descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional. Statistical programs Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 21 were used for the tabulation of purposive sampling of all data collection forms. For interpretation of qualitative variables of the study, simple and contingency tables were used. Quantitative variables were not applied throughout the study. Results showed that the frequency of anti-dsDNA antibodies was 8%; females (80%) prevailed over males, as well as the age group 27 to 64 years (51%) and the urban area (63%). The autoimmune disease with the highest prevalence was systemic lupus erythematosus (50%).