In Vitro-Based Production of Virus-Tested Babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii, syn. Carica pentagona) in Ecuador: An Integrated Approach to an Endangered Crop

Abstract

Babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii), a fruit-bearing vegetatively propagated crop native to Ecuador, is appreciated for its distinctive flavor and nutritional properties. The aim of this research was to determine a functional protocol for tissue culture propagation of virus-free babaco plants including in vitro establishment, multiplication, rooting, and acclimation. First, symptomless babaco plants from a single commercial nursery were analyzed for virus detection and cared for using different disinfection treatments in the greenhouse to reduce contamination during the in vitro establishing step, and three cytokinins, 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino) purine (2IP), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Thidiazuron (TDZ), were used to determine the best hormone for multiplication. The best treatment for plant disinfection was the weekly application of copper sulfate at the greenhouse and a laboratory disinfection using ethanol (EtOH) (70%), Clorox (2%), and a solution of povidone iodine (2.5%), with an 80% survival during in vitro plant establishment. TDZ showed a better multiplication rate when compared with other hormones, and 70% of the rooted plants were successfully acclimated at the greenhouse. Generated plants were virus-free when tested against babaco mosaic virus (BabMV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), two of the most important viruses that can affect babaco. An efficient protocol to produce virus-free babaco plants was elaborated with an integrated use of viral diagnostic tools to ensure the production of healthy start material to farmers.