Prevalencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas de cérvix uterino y factores asociados, consulta externa Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2016–2018

Abstract

Background: premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix are a public health problem that is directly related to socioeconomic variables, sexuality and parity. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Objective: to determine the prevalence of premalignant and malignant lesions in the uterine cervix and the association with risk factors in patients attended by the outpatient clinic of the gynecology area of the Hospital “Vicente Corral Moscoso” in Cuenca between January 2016 and December 2018. Methodology: An analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out. With a universe of 1,343 patients with PAP Test in the period January – 2016 and December – 2018, the sample was made up of 391 women who had a premalignant-malignant cytology. The data were transcribed and analyzed in SPSS v25; the results were presented by frequencies and percentages; the association was analyzed using Odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. Results: the prevalence found was 29.1; women 25–44 years old represent 54.0%; live in rural areas (51.2%); married (42.7%), completed secondary school (32.5%); 39.4% started their sexual life in late adolescence; 39.9% have had only one partner; 81.6% present premalignant lesions, 18.4% malignant lesions; HPV (18.2%). The main diagnoses are Mild Cervical Dysplasia among premalignant lesions (58.0%) and Malignant Exocervix Tumor among malignant lesions (44.4%). Conclusion: There is a significant association between age, place of origin, educational level, parity and age of beginning of sexual life regarding the type of cervical lesion.