Frecuencia del antígeno Du en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2021-2024

Abstract

Background: There is a wide variety of blood systems, one of the main ones being Rh, which is one of the most complex and immunogenic in transfusion medicine. Since its discovery, various studies have been conducted to understand it. The discovery of the D variant has become increasingly important due to the consequences it can cause when present. Objective: To determine the frequency of the Du antigen in donors at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital Blood Bank, Cuenca 2021-2024. Methodology: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional cohort study; data were obtained from the anonymized database of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital Blood Bank. The information was analyzed in simple and crosstabulated tables with percentage values and frequencies; statistical tools such as SPSS and Microsoft Excel 2021 were used. Results: The study variables were: Du antigen, sex, age, origin, blood group, and C, c, E, and e phenotypes. The frequency of the Du antigen was 1.7%. The variant predominated in males (75%) and in donors between 26 and 45 years of age, with a higher origin from the province of Azuay (87.5%). The antigen showed a greater association with blood group O (75%). In Rh phenotyping, the constant presence of the c and e antigens (100%) and the C + E- combination (62.5%) stood out. The results underscore the need to maintain strict protocols for detecting the Du antigen to ensure transfusion safety. The importance of correctly classifying carrier donors as Rh positive and recipients as Rh negative is confirmed in order to mitigate the risk of hemolytic reactions and alloimmunization.