Análisis del potencial energético de residuos agrícolas en Ecuador para aplicaciones de generación eléctrica distribuida basada en bioenergía

Abstract

The use of agricultural residues as a source of biomass represents a sustainable and strategic alternative for distributed electricity generation in Ecuador. This research aims to evaluate the energy potential of residues from four key crops: oil palm, sugarcane, hard corn, and rice, which were selected for energy generation through direct combustion. These four crops yield 3635 million tons of annual usable residues, from which the annual energy potential in GWh was calculated. Additionally, a techno-economic analysis was conducted to determine the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), thereby assessing its viability as a competitive renewable energy source. The results reveal that the valorization of these agricultural waste is feasible in several provinces, particularly in Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas, Sucumbíos, and Manabí, where suitable energy yield levels for distributed generation were identified. Nationwide, the four residues offer an annual energy potential of 2407,68 GWh. For a 25 MW plant, an LCOE of 0,097 USD/kWh was obtained, positioning this energy source as competitive compared to other renewable options in the country. Implementing biomass systems would enhance the efficient use of agricultural residues, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide a viable pathway for renewable energy development in Ecuador.