Caracterización epidemiológica y clínica del mieloma múltiple en los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de Hematología del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga (HEJCA) y al Instituto del Cáncer (SOLCA) núcleo Cuenca en el período 2015-2021

Abstract

Background: Data shows that in 2020 multiple mieloma (MM) was the 20th most common neoplasm and the 17th linked to mortality among people, after recording 274 new cases and 210 deaths (1). It is considered an emerging pathology that should be more carefully studied in regard to the Ecuadorian population. Objective: To characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of MM in patients making use of hematologyservices at José Carrasco Arteaga (HEJCA) and the Cancer Institute Against Cancer (SOLCA) Cuenca, in 2015 – 2021. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. The universe featured 119 patients from HEJCA and (SOLCA) Cuenca, diagnosed with MM. The information was processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2021 and IBM SPSS Statistics Standar 22. Results: The prevalent age group was men (56.30%) under 60 years old. Average age: 62 years in men and 66 in women. The prevalence rate of MM was 5.38% between 2015 to 2021. Bone involvement was the most common CRAB (calcium, renal, anemia, bone) sypmtom (84.87%). IgG kappa Isotype was the most frequent subtype (28.57%) and 43.70% of the cases were diagnosed with stage III. Conclusions: Men, under 60 years old, bone involvement, IgG isotype, and stage III were the most frequent epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with MM.