Obesidad y COVID 19: una revisión sistemática del impacto en la población adulta de Latinoamérica en el año 2020

Abstract

Coronavirus is the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 2020. Studies indicate that transmission is by direct contact with infected persons. The major release of the virus is through the respiratory tract; this occurs in the first three days following the onset of symptoms (1) (2). Several articles suggest that obesity increases morbidity and mortality from coronavirus. According to pre-pandemic figures in Latin America and the Caribbean, an estimated 262 million adults were overweight and obese (3). Objectives: Describe the relationship between obesity and COVID - 19 in the adult population of Latin America in 2020. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out, applying the search equation, 136 scientific articles were obtained, from which 2 bibliographic references were selected by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles in English and Spanish were included, available in the databases of PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Wiley Online Library and ProQuest. The quality of the selected articles was analyzed using the criteria of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: The selected articles describe the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 and how the combination of both pandemics leads the patient to present a state of chronic inflammation producing a severe clinical picture. Conclusions: The present systematic review gives insight into the relationship that exists between obesity and COVID-19, how it impacts on the progression of the disease.