Metódicas extractivas y aislamiento de ácido aristolóquico a partir de matrices naturales

Abstract

The medicinal plants of the genus Aristolochia used to treat different pathologies, contain a large amount of aristolochic acids, both type I and II, related to the development of nephropathies and high-risk cancers due to their toxicity. They are considered a health hazard for those who use them. In the present study, the methods for extracting and isolating aristolochic acid from natural matrices were determined, which are effective to obtain a standardized extract of the Aristolochia plant. For the development of the study, the Zaragoza liana (Aristolochia) from the cities of Puyo and Macas was analyzed for its subsequent extraction with supercritical fluids and ultrasound-assisted extraction, using methanol as solvent. Subsequently, the metabolites obtained were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to verify the presence of aristolochic acid. The results showed that aristolochic acid has a retention factor in the range of Rf 0.61-0.77, which are visible by bands of yellow coloration at white light, dark or gray at UV light of 254 nm and black coloration with a yellow halo at UV light of 366 nm, characteristics that allow evidencing the presence of aristolochic acid in these samples.