Análisis de confort térmico de la vivienda de Interés Social del MIDUVI al adaptarse a sistemas constructivos de bajo impacto en Fardos de Paja y Bahareque, en clima ecuatorial andino

Abstract

The proposal consists of analyzing a MIDUVI social housing project, adapted to cold climate conditions by integrating vernacular construction systems such as bahareque and straw bales, low-impact materials with contained energy. The project addresses the thermal deficiencies of current typologies, which, being located above 3000 meters above sea level, suffer from high levels of heat loss and thermal comfort deficits. As a design strategy, passive architecture principles are applied, such as the strategic use of construction systems according to solar orientation, improved thermal insulation in the roof using plant fibers with vernacular techniques, and adaptation of carpentry to reduce infiltration. To evaluate thermal and energy performance, EcoDesigner software is used to simulate four scenarios: a base MIDUVI dwelling, a dwelling with a mixed system, and dwellings with each of the vernacular systems. The analysis considers the percentage of annual hours within the thermal comfort range (18°C–26°C) established by the NEC, and the internal stabilization capacity in relation to the high-altitude climate. The proposal is expected to significantly improve thermal performance through low environmental impact strategies, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed walls compared to other construction solutions that involve low environmental impact. Likewise, its technical, regulatory, and construction feasibility for Climate Zone 5-Cold has been validated. With this approach, the proposal aims to become a replicable and sustainable model for social housing in Ecuador's cold climates.