Suplementación con micronutrientes durante el embarazo, postparto y lactancia. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, postpartum, and lactation is crucial to ensure adequate nutrition for both the mother and the child. It is a fundamental part of public health policies aimed at protecting vulnerable populations. General objective: to report the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, postpartum, and lactation. Methodology: systematic review. Sixteen controlled clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. The Grade Pro tool was used for the consolidation and presentation of study results, presented in customized tables. Results: supplementation with single or double micronutrients during pregnancy, postpartum and lactation could have variable outcomes. However, the administration of micronutrients must be adapted to the individual requirements of each pregnant woman. Studies that evaluated supplements during these stages of the reproductive process required a considerable period of time to evaluate the results on the mother and child pairing. As for the type of vitamin supplement most used, they are folic acid, iron, and vitamin D3. Conclusions: supplementation with micronutrients such as iron, folic acid, calcium, selenium and cholecalciferol has a benefit in reducing potential complications in the mother-child binomial. There are a multitude of options, which require an individual assessment of each patient, and an adjustment of dose and type according to each particular case. Further studies are required to replicate the findings of this research.