Obtención y caracterización de los componentes principales del apilarnil proveniente de las larvas de Zánganos y sus beneficios en la medicina

Abstract

This research aimed to collect and chemically characterize apilarnil from drone larvae (Apis mellifera) to evaluate its potential as a source of compounds of interest for human and veterinary health. To this end, a procedure was established for obtaining apilarnil, which included selecting drone larvae at the appropriate developmental stage, extracting the apilarnil, and processing it under controlled conditions to ensure its physicochemical characteristics. Subsequently, chemical characterization was performed through laboratory analysis, evaluating moisture, protein, fat, ash, total sugars, pH, and mineral content. The results showed a moisture content of 73.09%, protein of 11.19%, fat of 11.21%, ash of 0.94%, total sugars of 0.54%, and a pH of 6.13. Regarding minerals, phosphorus was the predominant element at 282.07 mg/100 g, followed by potassium at 232.35 mg/100 g and calcium at 38.27 mg/100 g. Furthermore, the literature review revealed that Apilarnil possesses bioactive compounds with potential applications as a nutritional supplement and as an ingredient for the development of functional products associated with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and reproductive development support properties in human and veterinary medicine. The results obtained demonstrate that Apilarnil represents an important source of proteins, lipids, and essential minerals, in accordance with the scientific literature. It is concluded that the extraction process preserved the product's characteristics, that its chemical composition supports its nutritional value, and that the available scientific evidence supports its therapeutic potential.