Estudio de comportamiento de accidentabilidad de acuerdo al tipo de actividad económica y tipo de lesión, en las provincias de Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha, Los Ríos y Manabí

Abstract

Companies lack efficient policies on industrial safety, which is why accident records are constant, as shown by the statistics generated by the IESS for the period between 2002- 2009, the sector with the highest accident rate is the activities of electricity, gas and water with a rate of 695 accidents per 100,000 workers, which represents an imminent oversight by employers and the controlling entities of the matter. The main objective of this research is to statistically analyze occupational accident rates in the provinces of Azuay, Guayas, Los Ríos, Pichincha and Manabí, during the period between 2014-2018, and determine if there is a correlation or similarity between the branches of activity, economic activity, gender, location of injury, nature of injury, place of accident, time of occurrence and age. The data for this purpose were provided by the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS). The data show the deficiencies or correlation problems, in relation to occupational accidents, type of injury and economic sector, which is why the analysis focuses its study on looking for elements that show positive relational dynamics in associated factors, which were examined by descriptive analysis and ANOVA analysis. Thus, the data were processed using the statistical program IBM-SPSS (Software Package Used For Statistical Analysis) version 22 DEMO. The results of the analysis determined that there are 7 branches of activity that have the highest accident rate, these activities cover 63% of all accidents. The province of Azuay and Pichincha has no similarity with Los Ríos, Guayas and Manabí, in terms of the Fishing branch, since these activities cover 88.25% of the total claims in the three provinces dedicated to said activities. It should be noted that the results show similarity, but not causality, which can be analyzed in subsequent studies, and in different activities and provinces.