FRECUENCIA DE CÁNCER COLORRECTAL POR ESTUDIO ANATOMOPATOLÓGICO EN BIOPSIAS ENDOSCÓPICAS DE PACIENTES ATENDIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL VICENTE CORRAL MOSCOSO, CUENCA 2023- 2024

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the malignant neoplasms with the highest incidence in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2023 it ranked as the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy, with a total of 153,020 new cases, being significantly more common in men than in women. In the same year, in Ecuador, according to data from the National Tumor Registry, colorectal cancer ranked third in frequency, with approximately 1,123 new cases. Objective: To determine the frequency of colorectal cancer based on histopathological analysis of endoscopic biopsies from patients treated at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca, 2023–2024. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using a sample of 111 histopathological reports. Data were collected using standardized forms from the anonymized database of the Pathology Laboratory at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. The information was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0. Results: The frequency of CRC was 9.9%, and premalignant lesions accounted for 31.5% of the study population. When these findings were correlated with sociodemographic variables, the disease affected both sexes equally and showed a predominance in the older adult group. Regarding place of residence, most positive cases corresponded to patients from urban areas.