Hemorragias de la primera mitad del embarazo atendidas en el servicio de ginecología y obstetricia, Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, 2020-2021

Abstract

Background: Bleeding during the first half of pregnancy is a top priority in the healthcare system of Ecuador. Previous studies have shown its significant impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the characteristics of bleeding during the first half of pregnancy treated in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of José Carrasco Arteaga Specialties Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study based on patient records of individuals aged 13 to 50 who sought care in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service between January 2020 and December 2021. Data were collected using a form containing sociodemographic and clinical variables; the collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS and Microsoft Excel statistical software. Results: During the study period, 1,613 pregnant women were treated, of which 296 presented bleeding during the first half of pregnancy. The main etiologies were threatened abortion at 42.9%, spontaneous abortion at 41.2%, and ectopic pregnancy at 12.8%. 31.1% were aged between 31 and 35, 48% were married, 74% resided in urban areas, 82.4% were professionals, and 100% of the patients self-identified as mestizos. 93.9% did not develop anemia, and medical management (misoprostol) was the primary approach at 66.2%. Conclusion: The leading cause of bleeding during the first half of pregnancy was threatened abortion, consistent with findings from previous studies.