Relación entre la composición corporal y el rendimiento deportivo en marchistas

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to describe the relationship between body composition and sports performance in elite race walkers. Using the ISAK (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry) protocol, this descriptive study analyzed quantitatively the 23 race walkers - 12 men and 11 women - who compete at national and international levels. The body composition was determined by using the 5 components in the anatomical fractionation model of Ross & Kerr (1988- 1993). The results of the non-random simple studied in different body components including: Muscle Mass, Adipose Mass, Bone Mass, Residual Mass and Cutaneous Mass, did not present significative differences in relation to variables such as: sex, competitive level and category. Finally, the existing relation between corporal composition and sports performance was established. It was found that as long as body masses do not exceed their percentages, the athlete should carry less muscle charge during the competition, and this facilitates their performance and therefore their sports performance. In addition, from the data obtained, the Body Mass Index was analyzed, which indicated that the athletes are within normal parameters. In the same way, the Bone-Muscle Index showed that the relationship between muscle and skeleton contributes to knowing the total body weight that can be carried by the athlete.