Participación laboral y brecha salarial: un estudio comparativo entre la población LGBTI y la población heterosexual de Ecuador

Abstract

This investigation arises from the Survey on the Living Conditions of the LGBTI Population of Ecuador, where, in accordance with the results of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, at least 40% of the surveyed would have suffered employment discrimination. With this, it was looking to identify if this problem is reflected in a wage gap between this population and heterosexuals. Thus, the wage equation was estimated using three methodologies: Heckman correction and Oaxaca - Blinder analyzing globally the individuals, and Quantile Regression to study them by income quintiles. In a global form, a salary gap of 9% is estimated in favor of the LGBTI population with respect to heterosexuals, while, in groups, in the lowest quintile the gap is negative against said population; however, it is from quintile 2 where the gap is positive and growing, that is, it increases as one ascends to the highest income quintile. Likewise, when including variables of interaction to a second wage equation, it was observed that the LGBTI, when they have an additional characteristic could perceive changes in their salaries. For example, if an individual belongs to the mentioned population and lives in the Sierra region, on average he gets more salary than a heterosexual of the Costa and Amazonia region, the same advantage having a worker of sexual diversity of white ethnicity. Moreover, an LGBTI man sees penalized his wages versus a heterosexual woman, the same happens to homosexuals who work in the public sector in front of their couple.