Influencia de los sistemas constructivos en la climatización de las viviendas de 1980 y 2020 en Cuenca - Ecuador

Abstract

Architecture has undergone continuous evolution throughout history, transitioning from the use of local materials such as wood, earth (adobe and rammed earth), and straw to more diverse construction systems, driven by technological development and reduced transportation costs. This process has enabled the incorporation of materials with enhanced resistance properties, broader aesthetic possibilities, and lower costs. However, beyond the economic aspect, it is essential to consider the thermophysical properties of materials, that is, their behavior under climatic conditions and their contribution to indoor thermal comfort. This research is based on a bibliographic analysis of materials used in construction systems between 1980 and 2020, with an emphasis on the thermal envelope of buildings. Based on this study, two representative systems—corresponding to 1980 and 2020—were selected to compare their influence on indoor climate conditions in housing. Digital models of both cases were developed using DesignBuilder software and validated through in situ indoor temperature measurements. Subsequently, energy simulations were conducted considering three occupancy scenarios for each dwelling, allowing for the evaluation of their thermal and energy performance. The results show that the 1980 dwelling exhibits better thermal performance due to its higher thermal mass. Furthermore, it was determined that the level and type of occupancy significantly influence the energy demand for air conditioning, highlighting the importance of integrating these factors into architectural design with a sustainable approach.