Principales factores de riesgo de la hipertensión arterial

Abstract

Arterial hypertension represents one of the major causes of death worldwide, considered as a chronic and prevalent disease of great epidemiological transition. Evaluating the risk factors of this cardiovascular disease is a necessity in the clinical study due to its high prevalence. Its incidence is more reflected in female patients, adults and the elderly, producing high mortality rates in addition to being associated with cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease, which represent other major causes of deaths causing the collapse of health systems. Arterial hypertension is also associated with other pathologies, genetic factors and environmental factors, such as: obesity, high sodium intake, sedentary lifestyle, stress, alcohol consumption and smoking. However, many of the risk factors are modifiable, so it is important to know each of them in detail in order to take action in this regard and thus improve the patient's quality of life, control the frequency of complications and even cardiovascular risk. . In this sense, public health entities must contribute with policies and action plans that help combat the growing prevalence of arterial hypertension and risk factors in order to better control this pathology and thus minimize the risks it represents.