Control de la tensión en un punto de la red de distribución aplicando el concepto Vehicle to Grid (V2G) mediante la utilización de los equipos de almacenamiento energético disponible en el laboratorio de Micro-Red de la Universidad de Cuenca: Simulación y validación experimental

Abstract

This academic article begins with a brief analysis of the characteristics of electric vehicles and the equipment used in the battery charging process. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the state of electromobility in Ecuador and examines the performance of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology for enhancing energy quality. The main focus of this research is to develop a voltage control method at a low-voltage electrical network connection point using the charging components of an electric vehicle. Simulink software simulation applies the necessary theory to emulate the equations and electrical components involved, using a Proportional-Integral controller as the control method. For experimental validation, resources from the University of Cuenca's microgrid lab are used, emulating the network with power from feeder 0523, the EV's load with programmable load, the charging station with a bidirectional inverter, and the EV's storage system with a lithium battery. This approach is complemented by a MATLAB routine linked to SCADA for the inverter's reactive power control based on a PI controller. Graphic results for both simulation and experimental validation are presented. It concludes that the proposed method effectively maintains voltage within regulatory limits without significantly discharging the battery, ensuring no negative impact on the EV's storage system's longevity.