Tamaño de las fontanelas anterior, posterior y factores asociados en recién nacidos a término del área de maternidad del Hospital Regional “Vicente Corral Moscoso”. Cuenca, 2013

Abstract

Introduction: the anterior and posterior fontanelles of the skull of newborn presents variations in size, with associated factors (gestational age, number of gestation, type of delivery), as is shown by studies where observed ranges from 1 - 7 cm in the anterior fontanelle, and 2-5 cm at the posterior fontanelle, the latter being closed at 49% of cases (5,6), relating changes in their sizes mainly neurodevelopmental disorders.

Objective: To determine the size of the anterior and posterior fontanelles and associated factors in term infants, suitable for healthy, gestational age from 37-41 weeks of gestation, head circumference of 33-37 cm, of the maternity area in the "Vicente Corral Moscoso" Hospital in the city of Cuenca, 2013.

Method: quantitative, cross-sectional study. The study population included infants of the Maternity area of "Vicente Corral Moscoso" Hospital, with sample of 272 newborn. The information was collected using a test developed by the authors; for data analysis SPSS version 15.0 software was used, with percentage, median, standard deviation, RP (prevalence ratio) with 95% IC and value of p.

Results: The mean size of anterior fontanelle is found 2.28 cm, with a standard deviation of 0.74cm and 0.28 cm posterior fontanelle, with a standard deviation of 0.31 cm, similar to those reported in studies cited measurements, statistically significant association was found significant factors such as cesarean delivery, primigravidez and mixed ethnicity.

KEYWORDS: FONTANELAS, SIZE, NEWBORN, ASSOCIATED FACTORS.