Frecuencia y caracterización de ambliopías en pacientes oftalmológicos de la Fundación Donum, Cuenca-Ecuador, Enero 2015 – Diciembre 2018

Abstract

Course objective: determine the frequency and characteristics of amblyopia in patients of the ophthalmological area of the “DONUM” Foundation January 2015 - December 2018. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out based on the review of the digital files of all patients (190) with clinical histories with a diagnosis of amblyopia who attended an ophthalmological consultation at the “DONUM” Foundation, evaluating the age variables, sex, origin, occupation, amblyogenic factors, visual acuity with correction and without correction, refractive defect, laterality of amblyopia, type of amblyopia and visual impairment; descriptive statistical techniques were used. Results: the frequency of amblyopia was 1.18%, with no predilection for sex, more common in patients aged 10 to 19 years, from the mountains region and workers; the visual acuities without and with correction were 20/100 and 20/70, astigmatism was the most frequent refractive defect, 82% presented refractive amblyopia, 53% was unilateral, myopia was the most frequent amblyogenic factor and 62% had undetermined visual impairment. Conclusions: the frequency of amblyopia was minimal but according to that of the region, without differences between sexes, with a predominance in patients aged 10 to 19 years, highland people and workers; the refractive and unilateral type prevailed; the most common refractive defect, amblyogenic factor and visual impairment were astigmatism, myopia, and indeterminate, respectively and; visual acuity without and with correction improved from 20/100 to 20/70.