Análisis de transitorios para el diseño o evaluación de una columna piezométrica

Abstract

In mountainous areas, hydraulic structures such as galleries, low-head tunnels, and pressure pipelines face significant risks associated with hydraulic transients caused by sudden changes in flow regimes at control points (valves, pumping equipment, and turbines). These changes result in abrupt pressure variations, leading to phenomena such as water hammer and undesirable oscillations. The effects include damage to joints, reverse leaks, structural collapses in tunnels, and fluctuations in reservoir levels. To mitigate these impacts, the design and use of piezometric columns and surge tanks are required. The theoretical framework offers various methodologies and models, both empirical and theoretical, to analyze these phenomena. However, an integration of methodologies and procedures that enable a standardized approach to design and evaluation for projects has not yet been developed. This creates uncertainty in review, evaluation, and alternative selection procedures, impacting the implementation and cost of the works. In this context, based on a review of theoretical aspects and fundamental technical criteria, an evaluation of design procedures and best practices for sizing piezometric columns and surge tanks has been proposed. Through the application of a case study, the aim is to contribute to the development of a methodology that standardizes aspects related to review and evaluation.