Estudio descriptivo: perfil psicológico del niño víctima de acoso escolar

Abstract

Descriptive Study: Psychological Profile of Children Victims of Bullying. BACKGROUND: Bullying has multiple configurations determined by the interactional patterns of its three protagonists: victim, offender and spectator. The objective of this study was to characterize the psychological profile of the child victim of bullying. METHODS: This is an exploratory-descriptive study, in which two instruments of data collection were applied: Questionnaire on bullying and abuse among peers in educational institutions of Basic Education of the city of Cuenca (387 students from second to seventh year of General Basic education of an educational institution prosecutor of the city of Cuenca) which identified the percentage of children who were victims of bullying and questionnaire of abuse among peers: profile of the victim, adapted from the original questionnaire Fernandez and Ortega by Ordóñez (2014), that made possible to identify the psychological profile of a child victim of bullying. The basic statistics were used for data analysis in this study. RESULTS: The results show that 10.1% of children are victims of bullying and there are 33.1% of potential victims. The predominant family type is nuclear followed by the maternal parent, child victims perceive their family environment as favorable. 37.8% have a negative self-image and devaluation, as opposed to 33.3% who have a positive self-image and self-concept. They perceive themselves as passive actors against victimization situations and not as provocative agents. CONCLUSIONS: Child victim’s profile is characterized by the presence of isolation, dysthymia, avoidance, anxiety, somatization, and in some cases low academic performance.