No. 22 (2010)
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Item El fonema /s/, ¿sordo o sonoro? Un estudio de dos dialectos ecuatorianos(2010) Calle Calle, Ana MaríaThis paper studies a phonological feature of two dialects used by the people of Quito and Cuenca. According to Robinson, there are three envi-ronments where /s/ is voiced in the dialect of Cuenca while it is voiced in two environments in the dialect of Quito. This paper determines whether these differences are still taking place or not. Six subjects from each city participated. Results indicate a tendency by the dialect of Quito to devoice this phoneme in all environments reported by Robinson. Further research needs to be done due to data limitations.Item Para pensar la gobernanza desde el Azuay(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Cárdenas Reyes, María CristinaThe reflection of this article was developed in the city of Cuenca, an Ancient Regional Capital of the Ecuadorian Highlands historically characterized by its geographical isolation and emigration abroad. The paper employs an intermediate level of theory to interrogate the notion of governance on its applicability in a context of low-intensity democracy. Their conclusions indicate that acting locally and consuming globally would be a substitute for an informed and critical citizenship, inside a social pragmatics which seems to prolong a modern baroque culturally tied to an ethics of conformism.Item La independencia del reino de Quito(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Rodríguez O., Jaime E.This article advances a new interpretation of the process of independence in Ecuador, which began in 1808 and concluded in 1822. It demonstrates that the Quito revolution of 1809 was not an anticolonial movement. Like the Juntas in the Peninsula and the rest of America formed after Napoleon’s invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, Quito sought to safeguard the Spanish Monarchy from the “godless” French. The independence of the Kingdom Quito and the formation of the republic of Ecuador occurred within the context of the revolution of the Hispanic world and the dissolution of the Spanish Monarchy. This study analyses the rise of representative government and the popular elections established by the Hispanic Constitution of 1812. The people of the Audiencia or Reino de Quito favored establishing an autonomous kingdom within the constitutional Spanish Monarchy. Although Guayaquil declared independence in 1820 and attempted to obtain support from the sierra to establish the Estado de Quito, that effort ultimately failed because the armies of the centralist republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia) led by Simón Bolívar forced the region to join the new republic. When Gran Colombia fragmented in 1830, the former Kingdom of Quito formed a separate republic but lost some of its northern provinces to Colombia. Rather than retaining its historic name, Quito, which Guayaquil and the Sierra preferred, the constituent congress decided to call the new nation Ecuador, the name given to the former kingdom when the region was forcibly incorporated into Gran Colombia.Item Posiciones insurgentes en Cuenca en torno al 10 de agosto de 1809(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Carrasco Vintimilla, ManuelThis work thinks about the necessity to look for and to confront the social structures of the nations, so that history is not understood from an unilateral vision, like it is the frequent case of attributing Cuenca the condition of realistic fortress in the independence process. Two moments of the situation are examined –starting from August 16 1809 and March 1811– as insurgent antecedents of the independence of the city that culminates November of 1820, pointing out that neighbors from Cuenca supported the liberal independence of Quito and that the realistic current was lead for Spanish authorities who implanted a terror regime to control and to repress the population.Item “Al patriotismo de las más sensibles”: Las mujeres y la independencia en la actual literatura ecuatoriana(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Riera Rodríguez, GloriaWithin the framework of celebrations of the Bicentenary of Independence my essay aims at the memory of contemporary events preserved in literature, focusing on how women who were in favour of the independence are remembered. My main thesis is that whenever social and political claims against the Spanish Empire arise, cultural demands towards the feminine appear at the same time. Two literary portraits will serve as examples: Manuela by Luis Zuñiga and Judith in Juan Valdano´s novel Mientras llega el día. As they are depicted as subversive women who fought for the independence, they are opposed to traditional patriarchal texts where they used to be suppressed. Now they have to be considered important in history which traditionally gave little attention to women´s deeds in such decisive times.Item La incorporeidad de la nación(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Aponte Avilés, AidalíThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the definition and the effects globalization has on the XXI Century Mexico through the eyes of Josué Nadal, main character of Carlos Fuentes’ novel La voluntad y la fortuna (2008). Nadal’s interactions with other characters in the story are constrained by globalized ideas such as a distorted history, a diffused philosophy, and a detached body. Taking Tom Nairn and Paul James’ theories on globalization, Nadal’s relations with the rest of the characters and with Mexico’s spaces represent the impact of globalization on the development of national identity.Item Las castas y la plebe: versiones y perversiones del indio en la narrativa colonial e hispanoamericana del dieciocho(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Hachim Lara, LuisIn the delegation of the colonial power on the part of the Spaniards to the American or Creole Spaniards, the episteme and the axes of the crisis were transferred from the colonial system to the “colonialidad”. In this context, those with authority (Spaniards, Americans and subordinate Spaniards of the different agencies) in America assumed the conflict, and they even contributed to the diagnosis, but they confirmed the outcasting of the populace. The Creole power in the colonialidad reproduces the agreements and disagreements regarding the “alteridad”. In this sense, it would be to establish the position of the Spanish authorities’ power comparatively, of American or Creole Spanish, and even of the mestizo in front of the Indian and of the plebeian fellow.Item El relato policial y sus huellas en Ecuador(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Cordero Carpio, Guillermo AlejandroThis work proposes an approach to detective literature in Ecuador showing how two of its authors make use of the elements of the genre with specific ends. In this way, first we will observe how Pablo Palacio, in his short story “Un hombre muerto a puntapiés”, parodies the elements of the “classic” detective model to discredit the principles of the socialist realism; then we will see how Santiago Páez, in his novel Condena Madre, makes use of the elements of the black novel to make a critical approach to the reality.Item Vida, muerte y verdad: la angustia existencial en la poesía náhuatl(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Ariz Castillo, YennyIn náhuatl poetry it is emphasized the sacrifice importance for world holding, as a characteristic belief of náhuatl cosmovision. However, it is possible to see in a considerable number of poems some glances of doubts, sureless or fears opposite to the established truth. The article analyzes these concerns, as poetic “shreds” of náhuatl cosmovision, where dissatisfaction in front of the official answers comes up. We will think about the dynamic resignation/ rebelliousness in front of this cosmovision, which undoubtedly leads to death for finding human being’s goal.Item Santa Teresa, tierra baldía, estación final(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Poblete Alday, PatriciaThe work of Roberto Bolaño oscillates between the vital labyrinth-city archetype (México DF, Santiago de Chile, Barcelona - where the author spent his youth) and the final image of the City that disintegrates itself in the desert. The following article delves into this last archetype, identifying in Santa Teresa those traits to the defined it as a necessary and inevitable geography within the poetics of the author, as a metaphor for the text itself, and as matter manifestation of a final that is at the same time, intra and extra-textual.Item Un recorrido necesario: el pensamiento hispanoamericano y las preguntas por el conocimiento de la realidad y la literatura(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Parra Triana, Clara MaríaI show a reading path through the ways knowledge were taken in Hispano America at late Ninetieth century and early Twentieth century, when humanism stands as a show of intellectual modernity that fights against ideological, political and educative Positivism. Antipositivism was its detractor, and for that reason offered the possibility for Literary Studies having their own place, as Literary Historiography was.Item Lo claro y distinto en el discurso histórico del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) León Pesántez, Catalina SoledadThis work studies the influence of the neoplatonism in the thought of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. In this way, we have taken two fundamental ideas exposed in the Comentarios Reales: writing clear and distinctly, and the pretense of truth in history. We have tried to analyze them in the horizon of the platonic hermeneutics but, at the same time, outlining their difference, as long as Garcilaso has his peculiar vision of the essences, the same ones that are not solved in the primate of eidos, but in his conflicting relationship with the empiric thing; from there the importance of knowledge of History.Item Los amigos del genuis loci(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Páez Barrera, OswaldoTheorice and historice the concepts of genius loci (spirit of the place). Under the late capitalism the places dissapear, the critical theories reculate, the poetry languish. The capitalistic spaces get the deathly breath of the killing work, rejection to such situation reinvindicates spaces and memories, into actions that retake radical traditions. The situacionism is related with the search of the spirit of the place in this neoliberal crisis. The literary twist of the text, is a wink towards the value of individual narrations in the new conceptualizations related with the constitutional values of the new space and time of the multitude.Item Esencialismo, especies y géneros naturales(Universidad de Cuenca, 2010) Torres Meléndez, JulioThis paper aims at stating the range of the various possible responses regarding the nature of natural kinds, especially considering the cases of biological species. I will put forward the existence of a philosophically significant convergence between two of these responses that initially appear as inconsistent. I will describe this convergence in terms of a cooccurrence of epistemic values (Ruse, 1999), that is, in terms of a coincidence with those theory features that are of interest to us because of their significance to scientific explanation.