Artículos
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Publication Espacio social y democracia(Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2021-09-06) Jiménez Pacheco, PedroPublication Los capítulos que se le olvidaron a ELEMENTAL: lógicas informales para el diseño de vivienda social(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Granja Bastidas, María Belén ; Cuenca Gonzaga. Marlown EdwardThe short durability of state social housing projects in suitable functional conditions, gradually replaced by self-constructed systems, even in emblematic projects such as Previ Lima or ELEMENTAL, leads us to reflect, what parameters are those that the designed projects have not been able to solve? We believe that there are certain logics of self-constructed neighborhoods that allow a greater adaptation of these to the social, economic and spatial conditions required by popular sectors. In this article we compare the ideal parameters used to design the ELEMENTAL proposals with the real effects of the Quinta Monroy project (15 years later) and self-constructed neighborhoods in Quito-Ecuador, in order to identify some aspects that could not be solved by Aravena: the chapters that you forgot to ELEMENTAL.As a conclusion we found that the incorporation of productive spaces, in addition to the individual lot system that allows both spatial growth and increase of housing units in a multidirectional sense are fundamental even for collective development because it encourages neighborhood interaction, self-regulation and diversity of collective spaces and applications. We believe that these parameters incorporated into the architectural design will allow it to enter the logics of informal operation, instead of imposing new rules of the game.Publication Evaluación dinámica de control solar lumínico. Propuestas en una biblioteca de arquitectura moderna en Santiago(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Roldán Rojas, Jeannette Auristela; Soto Leiva, Pablo; Eliash Díaz, HumbertoThe sensitive approach to the local climatic environment was check, from the envelope in the modern architecture, at the Ruy Barbosa library, designed by the Chilean TAU office architects. It was built early at the seventies decade with a modular solar control system in precast concrete, with checked favorably performances according to methods of dynamic evaluation of natural light measured in ASE1000,250h, and in the illuminances range 300 lux - 3000 lux. We proposed five models. It was concluded that Ase1000,250h approached us to criteria related to light comfort, resulting in the horizontal model (Mh) highly recommended in the restoration of light comfort, being in the range of illuminances evaluated above 75% of the sensors of the analyzed grid. The mixed East model (Mm-o), obtained positive performances, even though the perpendicular sun on the facade in the morning gave it high interior solar access to the study room.Publication El arquitecto intelectual en ciudades intermedias. Reflexiones entre redes y espacios de cultura del siglo XX(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Blanc, María Claudina; Cattaneo, DanielaIncluding the architect in intellectual history studies is a relatively recent approach. From there, it is proposed to address the role of these professionals in their relation to cultural spaces in the 20th century and their impact on the social and material transformation of the city, attending to intermediate scales and regional urban logics. It is worked on this key with two architects, in two moments, in the city of Rosario, Argentina: Hilarión Hernández Larguía (1892-1978) and Horacio Quiroga (1941); focusing, from the spatial and urban key, on the specificity and mutations in time of the cultural networks in which these educated technicians interact and their possible feedbacks. From two projects of cultural and educational institutions in which they participate, the articulation between architectural designs and the functions that their authors carried out beyond disciplinary purposes are addressed; also, the relationship between the urban dimension of their actions. The complexity of the incumbencies and the relational plot of these architects shows the turns in the professional profiles from particular geographical-cultural junctures.Publication Evaluación de fortificaciones rurales de tapia mediante técnica SfM de fotogrametría digital. Aplicación metodológica al Castillo de Alhonoz (Écija, España)(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Carapellese, Giuseppe; Canivell, Jacinto; Martín del Rio, Juan J.; Graciani García, Amparo; Cabrera Revuelta, ElenaThe castle of Alhonoz, cataloged as Heritage Asset in 1985, is one of the most important fortresses in the municipality of Écija (Seville, Spain). The castle has been a strategic enclave for the populations settled in its environment since protohistoric times. In this study it is intended to implement the photo modelling as a tool into a methodology already tested by the authors. That methodology helps to contribute to the advance of knowledge of these defensive systems, allowing through a simple technique to obtain quickly, the necessary information to be able to evaluate and diagnose this type of structures. The implementation of this versatile and easy-to-use and low specialization methodology has enabled a reliable preliminary assessment for a decision making by competent techniciansPublication Acrónimo para una arquitectura orientada por objetos(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Muñoz Escalante, MauricioThe main purpose of this essay is to promote a reflection on architectural objects apropos Graham Harman, Manuel DeLanda, Bruno Latour and other philosophers’ loosely associated theory about objects on actual culture. It presents how architecture objects were already present from a modern previous perspective, as well as its intrinsic object-subject relation, and then it analyzes how a flat ontology, as proposed by Object Oriented Ontology, changes paradigms such as the whole as sum of its parts, and the correlation between human beings and objects, among others. It supports the idea that the existence of objects despite its relations produces an endless amount of images or appearances, while the object-in-itself remains inaccessible to us. Accordingly, it finally speculates that an acronym containing such multiplicity would also be impossible.Publication Nueva sostenibilidad para los barrios de la gran metrópolis chilena(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Arnet Callealta, Virginia; Naranjo Escudero, EnriqueThe capacity of the great Chilean metropolis to notably support the changes derived from contemporary human activity, poses the opportunity to design a new methodology of sustainable evaluation that contributes to generate a compact and complex urban model that consolidates sustainable standards adapted to the neighborhood scale of Santiago de Chile. The research will be articulated based on the theoretical-conceptual positioning and review of the state of the sustainability issue and the instruments for its evaluation, and the design of a complex and totalizing evaluation system that will condition the study by incorporating quantitative and qualitative indicators. From the above, results will be derived that fit the new model, which considers the traditional dimensions of sustainability - environmental, social and economic - to redefine them under a paradigm shift that understands the urban environment as a complex system.Publication Lineamientos para la implementación BIM en la evaluación ambiental de la vivienda social(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Álvarez, Analía Alejandra; Ripoll, Verónica; Campos, Laura; Ortega, AndrésInnovations in science and technology play a key role in the transition to cleaner production. Based on this, this article seeks to promote the practical integration of concepts of bioclimatic architecture in the design of social housing, in real-time and from its initial stages through the development of a working mechanism applicable to the design stage as a decision support system during the planning process. The methodology consists of modeling with BIM (Building Information Modeling) and with ENERGYPLUS three prototypes of social housing in generalized use in the city of San Juan, Argentina. From the comparative analysis of the results achieved, the similarities and divergences associated with the use of the selected software for the environmental evaluation of social housing emerge, thus setting the basic guidelines for carrying out the BEM (Building Energy Modeling) of the same.Publication Rafael Leoz. Vivienda experimental en Torrejón de Ardoz(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Cervero Sánchez, NoeliaThe contribution of Rafael Leoz (1921-1976) to Spanish architecture is based on his experimentation in the field of social housing, which he initially carried out individually and since 1969, through his foundation. The theoretical research on the organization and industrialized construction of living space were applied at the end of his career in the project of 218 dwellings in Las Fronteras neighborhood of Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid, 1973-1977). In this study the theoretical principles of Leoz and their materialization in this work are related, taking into account their references and the temporally and conceptually compatible projects. The text is structured in four fundamental thematic blocks –organization of space, formal configuration, material construction and urban and social environment–, with which his degree of social commitment and his contribution to the development of social housing are shown in the Spanish and International context.Publication Gentrificación e interrelación territorial: efectos de Puerto Norte sobre el barrio Refinería (Rosario, Argentina)(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Añaños, María CelinaThe perspective of gentrification has contributed in recent decades to understand urban spatial restructuring processes and their social and physical effects. Different studies show that these effects overflow the restructured point space and there is an interrelation between it and its environment, generating processes whose limits and temporality are diffuse. The work addresses, from a longitudinal perspective, the spatial effects of a large public-private urban intervention, in the city of Rosario, Argentina, called Puerto Norte, over the Refinería neighborhood, practically inserted into its area. Given this spatial relationship, the Refinery neighborhood is exposed to great real estate activity on its territory that, we hypothesize, opens up to a gentrification process. The sections discuss the conceptualization of gentrification, the methodological resources of the study and a synthesis of the results achieved between 2010 and 2019, as well as a selection of examples of its treatment with Georeferenced Information Systems (GIS).Publication Aplicación de la metodología Landscape Character Assessmenten el estudio y tratamiento del paisaje urbano(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Alba Dorado, María IsabelEn la actualidad asistimos a una gran riqueza de aportaciones teóricas y metodológicas vinculadas al estudio, valoración y actuación en el paisaje. Entre ellas, prevalecen las de carácter parcial, válidas exclusivamente para determinados paisajes, predominantemente naturales o rurales. Esto ha dado lugar a una situación de desvalimiento teórico, conceptual y metodológico a la hora de abordar aquellos paisajes de carácter urbano, lo que plantea la necesidad de introducir un giro en esta tendencia que tenga como objetivo abordar de una forma más profunda el estudio y tratamiento de estos paisajes. Cuestión, esta, que viene además reforzada por la promulgación del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje (CEP). El presente artículo sostiene la hipótesis de que es la metodología británica Landscape Character Assessment la que resulta más reveladora en este sentido. Así pues, en las próximas páginas nos detendremos en analizar esta metodología en profundidad con el objetivo de conocer más acerca de ella, valorar su adecuación a los postulados que el CEP establece para, en último término, demostrar su validez a la hora de avanzar en la definición de un corpus teórico y metodológico que contemple el estudio y tratamiento en profundidad del paisaje urbano desde su especificidad.Publication Clasificación del deterioro de fachadas de piedra en construcciones coloniales cubanas(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Arencibia Iglesias, Sergio Raymant; Pérez Echazábal, LucreciaThe historic stone buildings in Cuba are under environmental factors that affect their integrity and cultural heritage values. In spite of the practices of conservation and restoration, may appear new signs of alteration and/or similar to the previous ones that existed before the refurbishment. The objective of the present work involved a proposal of classification of the alteration and deterioration of stone in façades and walls of buildings with given cultural values, taking into account the worldwide terminology widely used. It assumed researchers’ positions of recognized authority in the topic, setting up the authors’ points of view, adapted to the specific conditions of the site, Old Havana, declared World Heritage by UNESCO. It was used the integrated multi-modal fact-finding method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative focuses, that allowed elucidating the relation with the factors of deterioration in different environmental scales and as result, an adaptable terminology to the Cuban context.Publication Cuestiones entrelazadas. Inducir desde lo transversa(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) De la Cova, Miguel Ángel; Galán Marín, CarmenInductive learning in architecture fits especially to the multi-faceted knowledge of our discipline, but methodologies that optimize resources are required, especially in formal education. A structured methodological model is set down through a sequence of activities and a content map, organized through threaded queries in which it underlies the various problems of the subject areas. These queries are tangible: the aim is to spark the debate since the interest lie in awakening about the goals of the course and the involvement of different knowledge areas. Queries have to be woven carefully by the teaching staff. The student will answer them, from researching architectural examples, which are given previously, previously assigned by professors. Students, in small groups, must compile information concerning these examples, which will be the base of their activity. Their learning is performed on their own work and their public statements, which are extricated from the authorship strain. Thanks to this fact, they set a positive and active attitude. Professors must constrain their speech interventions, as established in Finkel’s book (2008) Teaching with your mouth shut. Democracy and authority, versus traditional power skills of carrots and sticks.Publication Paisaje e imaginarios urbanos: dinámicas en la construcción de identidad y sentido de lugar en Sincelejo, Colombia(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) Martínez Osorio, Pedro Arturo; Martínez Ochoa, Francisco H.; Castellanos Tuirán, AlexandraRelations between urban imaginary and landscape are analyzed in a Colombian Caribbean city, Sincelejo, based on the integration of the results of two investigations on the same object of study, the historic center. One works the representations on elements of the public space from a phenomenological approach, the other, from a quantitative approach with the objective of analyzing the environmental and landscape conditions of the historic center, focuses on the inventory of urban trees and the analysis of environmental services it offers to the city. Among the findings, the interdependence relationship between landscape and inhabitant stands out, as well as the formation and consolidation of territorial identities in relation to the landscape. The landscape works as a catalyst for the satisfaction of the desires of multiple individuals, in this process man and landscape merge, giving meaning to the place, which turns these dynamics into a heritage to preserve and value in the city.Publication Implantación de la Iglesia de la Asunción de Llíria (España). Origen y consecuencias(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Torner, María Eugenia; Mas, Ángeles; Lerma, Carlos; Gil, Enrique; Vercher, JoséThe peculiar embedding of the construction of the church of the Asunción in Llíria (Valencia, Spain) arouses great interest because of the extent of the land cleared out to build the temple. This election led to a radical rupture with the morphology of the existing urban area, to the point of disjointing the composition of the town and trampling part of the existing town wall. The research conducted unifies the study of historical footprints with that of the traces still remaining. The lack of documentation concerning the church, especially of graphic type, has made this task difficult. The election of the site, along with the compositional and landscape consequences of the works, is one of the main issues covered in this article.Publication Una propuesta para los centros históricos latinoamericanos desde la mirada integral del paisaje(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2020-07-31) González Biffis, AlejandraThe results of the doctoral thesis, presented in this study, propose a methodology to contribute to the assessment, intervention and management of Latin American Historical Centers (hereinafter CH) as Historic Urban Landscapes (PUH). The proposal arises from recognizing that, from the large number of interventions carried out in the HCs from the 70s and 80s to the present day, on a few occasions they have managed to respond to the problems that have motivated them, or to comprehensively address the complexity of CH. To arrive at the proposal, an explanatory, qualitative and quantitative research has been developed. In principle, the theoretical-conceptual framework has been elaborated; Subsequently, the problems of HCs and the various intervention and management strategies implemented have been studied in depth; and finally, a methodology has been developed that seeks to articulate the various dimensions of sustainable urban planning from the integral perspective of the Landscape.Publication Ida y vuelta. Influencia exterior en la arquitectura española (en la modernidad, y algunas consecuencias)(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Sosa Díaz, José Antonio; Alonso Rohner, EvelynModern architecture in Spain went from being purely recipient of ideas, becoming an exporter of ideas and forms. The first modern Architects began studying the formulas and programs developed abroad, nonetheless in order to build them they had to use traditional techniques. This entailed an interesting contribution: the ingeniousness and self-confidence in the use of the local techniques. During the second modernity, this issue was even more accentuated. The international architecture incorporated industrial materials that did not exist in post-war Spain. The process repeats itself: the more innovation, the more inventiveness; to the point of moving forward in authentically innovative ways. Only at the end of the autarchic period, an important change takes place, incorporating concepts and thoughts to the architectural project. Through this historical journey, we will analyze the evolution and important conceptual changes that afterwards defined the new Spanish architecture.Publication Los nuevos usos del patrimonio: la expansión de hoteles boutique en Palma (Mallorca)(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Novo Malvárez, MargaritaUrban policies aimed at promoting tourism in Palma from the year 2000 onwards have had an impact on heritage conservation and uses. The proliferation of boutique hotels in unique buildings in the old town is a direct consequence of these policies as well as the gentrification being seen in the city. The main aims of this paper are to analyse new dynamics linked to urban tourism and, in particular, the rising number of hotels in the historic centre. This includes a dual-scale impact evaluation showing the effects on how heritage is used and how the historic centre functions as a city. The current urban-tourist dynamic is placing some heritage locations at risk, including decontextualisation and loss of identity. This leads us to believe that we are currently at a key moment for re-thinking the city and opening up new debates on the interaction between heritage sites and tourism in Palma. These discussions should move towards implementing measures that ensure the continuity and sustainability of heritage sites, whilst valuing their diversity.Publication Tres ciudades en el cine de ciencia ficción Distopías y consolidación de un régimen de acumulación flexible(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Vielma Cabruja, José IgnacioThree turn of century mainstream films which represent the inmediate future city are revised (The Truman Show, Code 46 and The Island). They share to be describable using the concept of dystopia (bad place). The purpose is to identify relations with the con-temporary processes of urbanization and production, as they are described in recent criticism and urban sociology. The emergence and consolidation of a flexible accumulation regime is recognized in the works. The analytical and relational description of the films is made around the strategies of control over the social, production, subject and urban space of dystopian societies. Is verified that there, very relevant part of the dysto-pia’s own conditions coincides empirically with the processes and consequences of a hy-pothetical hegemony of advanced capitalism within the productive and cultural frame-workPublication Arquitectura visionaria: la utopía dibujada(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2019-07-26) Benavides Álvarez, JavierDuring the Age of Reason, Boullée already criticized the Vitruvian vision of seeing architecture as the art of building. For him there was a previous step: before constructing it is necessary to conceive. The architectural creation is the consequence of a poetic or projectual criticism. Thus, the goal of criticism is always the proposal of new ideas. In this way the discipline evolves. Ideas are represented through utopia, and it is which change the world, not the limited and dogmatic reality. Let’s look at the “Disparates” of Goya, or the essential non-figurative reality that Cubist artists wanted to convey to us. The drawing is a means to express very suggestive ideas that can take to the architecture to a more propitious philosophical and theoretical state. Examples of this were Piranesi with his “Prisons”, Boullée with his “Newton’s Cenotaph “, Sant’Elia with his “Città Nuova”, Chernikov with his “Architectural fantasies”. Without forgetting Taut, Archigram or Woods. They are all great visionaries who did not need to build to give great contributions to architecture. They needed to conceive and their medium was drawing. A drawing can explain a whole philosophy of thought in very few strokes.