Volumen 31 No. 1 (2013)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/19895
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Publication La discapacidad en el Ecuador en cifras, año 2010(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médica, 2013-04) Ortiz Segarra, José IgnacioObjectives: to carry out an statistical analysis of data of people with disabilities as a contribution to teaching, research and service. Methods: this is an exploratory study of demographic and social variables of people with disabilities from data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) in the last 2010 survey. Results: the prevalence of disability in Ecuador is 5.64%. Physical-Motor disability is the most frequent, with a slightly higher distribution in rural areas and a major concentration in provinces of Guayas, Pichincha and Manabi, affecting women more than men. The prevalence of disability increases with age; in the elderly it is 4 times higher than the overall prevalence. A quarter of people with disabilities do not work, 2 out of ten have not received any formal education and 19% have some form of social security. Conclusions: the prevalence of disability in Ecuador is lower than in Latin America and worldwide. It is more frequently distributed in rural areas and in provinces of the coastal region; it mostly affects older women, who must face disadvantaged situations; thus, quarter of disabled population is being prevented from working by disability. Two out of ten disabled people have not received any instructions and 75% is outside any kind of social securityItem La universidad investigadora(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Morales Sanmartín, Jaime RodrigoItem Imagen Médica: denervación parasimpática supraventricular(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Serrano P., Diego; Chacón A., Karla; Pesántez C., DavidItem El médico de Noah Gordon(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Solíz Carrión, Ana DeniseItem Carcinoma medular de tiroides(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) García Alvarado, Santiago Alberto; Salamea Molina, Santiago Rafael; Palacios Nieto, Sergio Esteban; Tapia Peralta, Yadira ZhaninaThyroid medullary carcinoma (TMC) represents 4% to 8% of all thyroid cancers. It mostly occurs in the fifth decade of life, especially in women. In 1959 Hazard, et al. described TMC as a neoplasia which did not prevent follicular cells. Between 1966 and 1967 Williams suggested that follicular cells derived from C parafollicular cells. The sporadic medullary carcinoma represents 60% to 70% of TMC cases. It is presented as an isolated and unilateral tumor. When it is obvious, the lymphatic dissemination occurs. The hereditary type is presented as a multifocal and bilateral tumor. It is easily observed as part of a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. The genetic study for its classification is the gold standard. This is the reason we present a clinical case and take advantage for a bibliographic revision due to its low incidence, hereditary pattern and its complex managementItem Cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Bustamante Medina, José Leonardo; Alvarez Pineda, Valeria Estefanía; Freire P., Víctor; Calle S., Michelle; Chango A., Juan JoséBackground: Lung cancer is the leading cause of oncological death in the world, its incidence almost equals its mortality, it is estimated that there will be an increase of 70% by 2025. Lung cancer is considered one of the major health problems worldwide. Smoking is the main risk factor. No small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common type. Case report: This is a 32 years old woman case, who comes to preventive medicine consultation referring to repeated respiratory symptoms in the last year, a simple chest radiography is performed showing radiopaque image with spiculated edges slightly rounded, measuring 3.39 x 3.13 cm at the left lung base. Further CT scan shows an homogeneous mass in the lower left lung lobe, with poorly defined borders with spiculations; a biopsy is performed reporting as a lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of NSCLC, is also the most common type in non-smoking patients, its incidence is increasing, appearing at younger ages. Imaging is helpful for diagnosis and surgery is the cornerstone of treatment in most stages.Item Quiste no parasitario de bazo: resolución laparoscópica(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Astudillo Molina, Rubén Arturo; Uriguén Jerves, Juan Alejandro; Serrano Hinojosa, Bolívar EugenioSplenic cysts are a rare pathology. According to their classification, splenic cysts can be parasitical and non-parasitical. Non-parasitic cysts are divided into true or primary and false or pseudo cysts. The symptomatology occurs if the cyst is big in size or has some kind of complication. There has not been any case with laparoscopic resolution published in Ecuador referred to splenic cysts. This is a case study of a 21 year-old single woman, with a body weight of 45Kg , she has had it since nearly a year ago, a painless abdominal mass in the upper left abdomen; without clinical manifestations. Imaging tests are taken and they corroborate the diagnosis of splenic cyst of lower pole. Multilocular splenic cysts are found and the surgical procedure is unroofing; the anatomopathological report is simple cyst. The evolution is favorable and complications are not present.Item Neuromielitis óptica, enfermedad de Devic(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Alvarez Serrano, Marlene Elizabeth; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra; Andrade Peñaloza, Andrea VanessaIntroduction: The main reservoir of Staphylococcus aureus is human nostrils. It is known that nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are at increased risk of 3-6 fold greater risk to get infections from this germ. In its variety methicillin resistant shows itself as one of the most important hospital pathogens. Objective: To determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital personnel and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Cuenca 2010. Method: It is a cross-sectional design carried out in Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and División III Ejército Tarqui. The studied population was composed by 150 people who work in intensive care units, neonatology wards and operation rooms. Samples were collected by nasal swab, transported in Stuart's medium, cultivated on blood agar and mannitol agar. We performed Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase, DNase and it was performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method. We made a descriptive statistical analysis for a better understanding and interpretation of the data. Results: 55 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the tested crops. The prevalence was 37%. The most colonized personnel was the neonatology staff with 39%. Most carrying was observed in medical personnel with 50%.They were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin 100%; cefoxitin 94,55; gentamicin 90,9%; clindamycin 89%; tetracycline 87,3%; erythromycin 49,1%; 18,2% penicillin. Conclusion: 37% of hospital staff was nasal carriers of S. aureus, being potential spreader. The antimicrobial susceptibility of this microorganisms decreased compared to methicillin.Item Medicación para el dolor en adultos mayores(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Barzallo Sacoto, Jorge EduardoPain in elderly patients constitutes a big issue in healthcare, which should be economically and socially well planned. It is known that elderly population will increase in the next few years; thereby, we should be prepared for a higher demand of this type of patients who consult their doctors looking for pain relief. Therefore, it is necessary to design systematic and multidisciplinary strategies to treat geriatric patients to improve their standard of living. Only this way we may offer more life to their yearsItem Prevalencia de portadores nasales de Staphylococcus aureus en el personal del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso y Hospital Militar, patrón de sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Cuenca, 2010(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Alvarez Serrano, Marlene Elizabeth; Alao Maza, Mónica AlexandraIntroduction: The thyroid gland is a hormone-producing organ that plays an important role in metabolism. The classification TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) gathers ultrasound scan patterns to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules in a better way, this means a better selection of patients who need surgery and cytology studies. Objectives: To validate the ultrasound classification- TIRADS in patients with thyroid disease who undergo ultrasound for evaluation of thyroid gland in Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods: This validation study of diagnostic test, analyzed the thyroid pathology through ultrasound scan in relation to cytology as a gold standard with thin needle aspiration puncture technique. Results: We studied 860 patients, 710 women and 150 men. Validation values in this study were: sensitivity 97,87%, specificity 72,32%, 30,26% positive predictive value, negative predictive value 99,64%, Youden test 0.70, positive likelihood ratio of 3.54 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.03. Conclusions: TIRADS classification is a highly sensitive method that can be used in imaging services in the studied hospitals.Item Validación ecográfica-tirads en pacientes con patología tiroidea. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso y Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, 2012.(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Guevara Galarza, Netty PaolaIntroduction: The thyroid gland is a hormone-producing organ that plays an important role in metabolism. The classification TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) gathers ultrasound scan patterns to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules in a better way, this means a better selection of patients who need surgery and cytology studies. Objectives: To validate the ultrasound classification- TIRADS in patients with thyroid disease who undergo ultrasound for evaluation of thyroid gland in Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods: This validation study of diagnostic test, analyzed the thyroid pathology through ultrasound scan in relation to cytology as a gold standard with thin needle aspiration puncture technique. Results: We studied 860 patients, 710 women and 150 men. Validation values in this study were: sensitivity 97,87%, specificity 72,32%, 30,26% positive predictive value, negative predictive value 99,64%, Youden test 0.70, positive likelihood ratio of 3.54 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.03. Conclusions: TIRADS classification is a highly sensitive method that can be used in imaging services in the studied hospitals.Item Variación del porcentaje de grasa en cadetes durante el periodo de instrucción-adaptación(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Castillo, Gladys K.; Larrea, Marcelo; Guevara, Paulina; Castillo, Gladys C.; Morán, AdriamOBJECTIVE: To compare the body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and the skin folds before and after the physical training plan for the first military course during the instruction - adaptation period in the “Base Paccar” from October 25 to December 3, 2011 in the “Eloy Alfaro” Military School. METHODS: This is a matched case-control study with previous and further observation. It took place in the Military School "Eloy Alfaro from October to December 2011". It was made with a sample of 141 cadets, 116 men and 25 women. The variables studied included age, gender, skin folds (sf): triceps (t), subscapularis (se), suprailiac (if) and abdominal (ab), body fat percentage (% BFP) and body mass index (BMI). Analysis was performed using variables through McNemar Chi Square's Test, considering significant p <0.05 RESULTS: Physical military training was carried out by 116 men and 25 women that corresponded to 82% and 18% respectively. The cadets' BMI slightly varied in percentage and there was no statistically significant difference. The % BG decreased substantially in both cadets with p = <0.05. In the 4 skin folds measured in males decreased significantly. However a p = <0.05 for PC suprailiac and abdominal was only found in women. CONCLUSION: With a planned macro cycle, supervised during 6 weeks, it was possible to reduce fat mass and increase lean mass, developing an adequate physical condition for military performance. However, gender differences should not be forgotten.Item Programa educativo para mejorar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en salud sexual y reproductiva en adolescentes rurales(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2013-04) Sempertegui C., PabloBackground: Knowledge on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adolescents reaches 38%; the pregnancy rate has increased to 22,94% in rural areas. Effective comprehensive programs haven’t been evaluated in SRH, so an educational program is necessary to reinforce the actions in adolescent health. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program in improving knowledge, attitudes and practices in SRH of rural adolescents. Method and materials: An opened experimental study was developed from March 2011 to February 2012. The universe was composed of all adolescents in the rural parishes of Cuenca, the sample was stratified by parish, representative and random, the data were collected in a previously validated questionnaire, the information was processed in SPSS. Results: 120 students were randomized and 60 were assigned to the intervention group and 60 to control, 40% were women and 60% male. Before the intervention the study and control groups were statistically similar, but after the intervention there were statistically significant differences. Knowledge improved with the intervention in 27,45% (p 0.000), attitudes on 17,96% (p 0.000) and practice 7,96% (p 0.019) but not in the control group. Conclusions: The educational program designed from pre-CAPS and the deconstruction of myths significantly improves the knowledge, attitudes and practices in SRH of rural adolescents.