no. 13 (diciembre 2015)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/23904
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Item Análisis de la estática para la síntesis de furfural por destilación reactiva(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Aristizábal M., Valentina; Parra R., Daniela; Pisarenko, Yuri A.; Cardona A., Carlos ArielNowadays, there is a big attention paid on furan derivatives and catalytic processes, mainly to convert the sugars contained in lignocellulosic biomass. In this sense, the furfural also receives special attention as potential chemical building blocks for the production of bio products and biofuels. Due to the difficulties presented in the separation of furfural in the conventional process, this paper presents the separation analysis to obtain furfural of high purity from xylose dehydrated by reactive distillation as unconventional process. The basic theory of static analysis is used to acquire the best information of the reactive distillation process. This allows obtaining a technological scheme that achieves a mole fraction of about 0.9 furfural.Item Análisis del proceso de extracción de antioxidantes del hueso de oliva(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Hernández, Valentina; Idárraga, Angela M.; Cerón, Ivonne X.; Romero-García, Juan M.; Castro, Eulogio; Dávila, Javier A.; Cardona, Carlos A.Olive tree cultivation is spreading worldwide due to the beneficial effects of olive oil consumption. Olive oil production process and table olive industries are the major sources of olive stones. Currently, this by-product is used in direct combustion to produce energy as electricity or heat. However, there are other possibilities for taking full advantage of this renewable source, and its recovery would represent an economic improvement for farmers. The olive stone not only contains primarily lignocellulosic, but also it has revealed the presence of phenolic compounds with antifungal and antibacterial properties. For this reason, in this work the extraction of antioxidant compounds is proposed as a process with supercritical fluids for olive stone. These bioactive molecules can be used in the food industry, cosmetics, functional foods, and nutraceuticals additives. During the analysis of percent inhibition of DPPH method, an antioxidant capacity of 5.63 mg trolox equivalent (TE) per g dry matter was found.Item Análisis tecno-económico y ambiental de la obtención de biofertilizantes bajo el concepto de biorefinería a partir de residuos cítricos(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Hernández, Valentina; Botero, Christian; Aristizábal, Valentina; Castro, Eulogio; Cardona, Carlos A.High costs of inorganic fertilizers in Colombia have caused serious economic problems for the agrarian class, because these agricultural supplies are indispensable to obtain high production yields. Therefore, it is required to considerate alternatives in order reduce the costs associated with the agricultural activity in the country. This paper presents an economic and environmental analysis of the production of biofertilizers from citrus waste through anaerobic digestion. Two scenarios are studied: (1) the first one evaluates the production of limonene and pectin from orange peel, and (2) in the second one, in addition to the mentioned products in the first scenario, biofertilizers are obtained from the solid waste resulting from limonene and pectin production processes. In the first scenario, profit margins of 93% and 57% for pectin and limonene are obtained, respectively. For the second scenario, profit margins of 94%, 48% and 61% for pectin, limonene and bio-fertilizers were obtained, respectively. These results demonstrate that the second scenario is the best from the economic point of view. It is also shown that scenario two generates lower potential environmental impact, being the most environmentally friendly.Item Análisis tecno-económico de una biorefinería a partir de residuos del plátano(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Sánchez Rendón, Julio César; Daza Serna, Laura Vanessa; Hernández Piedrahita, Valentina; Castro Galiano, Eulogio; Cardona Alzate, Carlos ArielBanana pseudostem is a lignocellulosic material highly available in Colombia due to the large demand of plantain bunches. This material is incorrectly wasted and disposed causing both soil and water source contamination. The present work describes the simulation and techno-economic evaluation of furfural, ethanol, xylitol and acetic acid production under biorefinery concept, by using banana pseudostem as raw material in two process stages: base case in which only previous chemicals production is made, and another where besides raw material remainder solid fraction is used for energy cogeneration through gasification system. The cost obtained and gain margin analysis show furfural, xylitol and lactic acid production viability from banana pseudostem; and energy cogeneration positive influence inside banana pseudostem s biorefinery.Item Evaluación tecno-económica y ambiental de la producción de acetato de etilo por vía química y biológica(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Serna L., Sebastián; Carvajal O., Juan Camilo; Aristizábal M., Valentina; Cardona A., Carlos ArielEthyl acetate is one of the most produced chemical compounds in industry, given its wide use as an organic solvent. Importations of this acetate reached 3.000 tonnes in Colombia for the year 2013. This work shows the production process of the ethyl acetate in two different pathways, a chemical and a biological (enzymatic) one. Techno-economic and environmental comparisons were performed for the synthesis using the commercial software Aspen Plus v8.2 (Aspen Technology, Inc., USA) for the technoeconomic evaluation and the Waste Reduction Algorithm of the Environmental Protection Agency of the EE.UU. (EPA) for the environmental assessment. As a result, a lower production cost was obtained for the chemical pathway (2,77 USD/kg) regarding the biologic (8,55 USD/kg). However, from an environmental perspective, the biological pathway presents better results given that the calculated environmental impact index shows a reduction of approximately 98% favoring the biological pathway. The biological pathway is considerably newer and therefore it requires further research, however, the offered reduction of the environmental impact is an incentive of its great potential and hence promotes the intensification of this pathway.Item Simulación de procesos híbridos de destilación-pervaporación para la deshidratación de soluciones acuosas de etanol(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Arturo, Jaime; Rubio, Juan; Sánchez, CesarHybrid separation distillation-pervaporation processes has been evaluated by using simulations developed through Aspen Plus 7.3®, which in turn is linked with Excel 2007® and R2012b® MatLab. The study case selected was ethanol dehydration, because of its significance for the alcohol fuel industry. The evaluation of hybrid processes has been focused on energy consumption; and the result has been compared with bibliographic references for all non-conventional separation processes currently used.Item Aplicación de la termodinámica en la síntesis óptima de procesos químicos y biotecnológicos(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-12) Forero, Héctor; García, Carlos; Cardona, CarlosBiomass appears as a promising alternative to produce environmentally friendly compounds with competitive advantages over non-renewable compounds. Bio-furfural is one of these compounds, and currently has become one of the most important and commonly used worldwide compounds. Alternatively, bio-furfural has been used as a building block to develop chemical platforms in order to produce some other compounds of industrial interest. This work implements the thermodynamic analysis of furfural production in a biorefinery from lignocellulosic biomass. Techno-economic, energy and exergy are evaluated in order to determine the economic and energy viability of this process. As a result, the production of furfural from sugarcane bagasse under the biorefinery concept has high economic profitability, besides other products can be used to increase the economic performance of the biorefinery. Additionally, plant or process sections with higher energy requirements and irreversibilities are determined. Alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis were the processes with the highest irreversibilities, however, the plants for furfural and ethanol production has the highest energy needs related to the reaction and separation stage, respectively.