Volúmen 33 No. 3 (2015)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/25097
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Item Fenómeno del Niño historia y perspectivas(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Paladines Vélez, Geovanny Antonio; Paladines Vélez, Nelly Betsabeth; Paltán Zhingre, Viviana Marcela; Pazmiño Moreira, Valeria Nathalí; Pedroza Uzhca, Wilson Humberto; Portilla Merino, Paola Patricia; Rivera Robles, César Eduardo; Acurio Páez, Fausto DavidEcuador is located in the a danger zone for the arrival of “El Niño” phenomenon, so it is really necessary to be informed about this issue and notice the difference between “El Niño” (South American Pacific warm current) and “El Niño” Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (weather pattern in which temperature fluctuations occur in two phases: “El Niño” and “La Niña”). In 1997-1998 this phenomenon affected the 60% of the total population, with a very high impact on the public health as well as private and public property in different ecosystems. Faced to a possible threat in the period 2015-2016, the Risk Management Secretary (RMS) planned three action stages: Preparation, Response and Rehabilitation. After reviewing the authors recommend: provide timely information about weather changes, report on contingency plans, confirm food security and water access, and strengthen the comprehensive care that provides the Health ServicesItem Medicina del futuro en los venenos de animales. Ecuador como fuente importante de investigación(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Alemán Iñiguez, Juan Miguel; Mora Bravo, Franklin GeovanyThe evolution has allowed that several animals produce secretions for their survival: poisons, those that are harmful and lethal when they exert their effects on the body, altering the normal responses such as the coagulation and the inflammatory process. An updated literature review of poisons is presented which can be employed to explain how these substances can represent a future therapy; in the same way our country situation is described because it could be a source of research on this topicItem Atención Primaria de la Salud(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Soliz Rivero, GardeniaThe Primary Health Care and its holistic vision go beyond the limited medical model. Since the Alma Ata international conference until now, about 37 years have passed and it is still the best way to reform the health, reduce morbidity, increase equity and improve significantly the effectiveness of health systems. Although there are great advances in public health and some encouraging national indicators, it is important to emphasize the disease prevention activities and health promotion, because according to WHO data, the load morbidity could be reduced in 70% around the world if it is applied correctly. This article compiles a review in the main biomedical scientific literature databases which are available (PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, EBSCO, SeCiMed), to resume, update and strengthen the concepts, approaches and progress made by the APS in order to share them with current and future health professionalsItem Hernia de Amyand, reporte de un caso: Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Pino Andrade, Raúl HaldoThe Amyand hernia constitutes a rare condition characterized by the presence of the vermiform appendix within the hernia sac of an inguinal hernia. Its rate of frequency approximately reaches 1%, and it is more frequently found on the right side. This condition is usually diagnosed during a surgery. This paper shows the case of a 67 years old patient who was treated this pathology in the emergency service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso HospitalItem Valoración nutricional mediante curvas de crecimiento de la OMS y las clasificaciones de Gómez / Waterlow. Estudio de prevalencia. Cuenca-2015(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Chacón Abril, Karla Lorena; Segarra Ortega, José Xavier; Lasso Lazo, Rubén Santiago; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de LourdesObjectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition through growth curves (WHO) and malnutrition according to Gomez / Waterlow classification; also to establish advantages and disadvantages of using both classification systems. Methods: It is a prevalence study conducted in the Sinincay Health Center, with a population of 737 children who were registered in the Food and Nutrition Monitoring System (FNMS) during January-June 2015, which identified child malnutrition by using WHO criteria and under nutrition according to Gomez / Waterlow. Results: The 47.6% girls and 52.4% boys, divided into infants (35.8%) and preschool (64.2%), the prevalence of malnutrition was determined according to the tables of WHO (underweight 4.6%, severely underweight 0.4%, short stature 20.8%, 2.8% severe short stature, 0.5% overweight and 0.3% obesity) and malnutrition according to Gomez/Waterlow classification (0.1% acute malnutrition, worsened chronic malnutrition 0.1% and 30.3% stunted). There were no statistically significant changes (p> 0.05) between sex / age group and both classification systems, but there was a statistical variation (p<0.05) between the WHO and Gómez / Waterlow classification. Conclusions: The method Gomez / Waterlow method could detect more cases of malnutrition, while the WHO curves detected overweightand obesityItem Abuso de alcohol e intervención mediante habilidades sociales en estudiantes del colegio “Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza” Azogues-Ecuador(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Romero Romero, María de Lourdes; Lorenzo Ruiz, AlexisObjective: To identify cases of alcohol abuse and develop a prevention strategy through the strengthening of social skills from a cognitive-behavioral approach. Material and Methods: A study with a quantitative approach and a descriptive and intervention design was developed. About 232 students were enrolled in Ezequiel Cardenas Espinoza High School in Azogues, who agreed to participate by informed consent, and who had no physical or mental illness. The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and CAPs were applied to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices. A psychotherapeutic program with cognitive behavioral approach also was applied to enhance the social skills of selected students in 16 sessions with specific subtopics through participatory and motivational workshops. Results: About 232 students had an average age of 14.9 ± 2.07 years. The 47% male and 53% female; according to the SRQ the 23.3% (n = 54) of students consumed alcohol with a pattern that suggests problematic consumption, men consume more than women in relation 3 to 1. With the prevention strategy focused on cognitive-behavioral approach, significant statistical changes were obtained in knowledge and attitudes (p <0.05), but not in changing practices (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of alcohol abuse in the students from Ezequiel Cardenas HighSchool is higher than the reported in other studies. The Intervention with cognitive behavioral approach by strengthening social skills produced an improvement in knowledge and attitudes.Item Características del Ciberbullying en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa César Dávila Andrade. Cuenca. Ecuador. 2013(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, 2015-12) Rodas Mosquera, Juan Enrique; Vázquez Moscoso, Gustavo Adolfo; Zhiminaycela Samaniego, Milton Oswaldo; Mosquera Vallejo, Lorena ElizabethAntecedents: Currently adolescents develop perfectly in the use of information, technology and communication. The internet and mobile phones have become prime instruments for training, development, socialization and fun; however, sometimes they may not make good use of technology and rather some adolescents with an aggressive personality use these means to disrupt their peers and make new forms of bullying. Objective: To determine the characteristics of cyberbullying among students of “César Dávila Andrade” High School. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive study was made. The universe was conformed by the all students of the basic cycle, who were applied a modified form of the Protocol Acting School to cyberbullying from the MRTC (Multidisciplinary Research Team for Cyberbullying); for tabulation and information processing, the SPSS program, version 15 was used; as statistical measures some frequencies, averages, and percentages were used; and for the presentation of data, tables according to the objectives were drawn up, and finally for the information analysis, a descriptive statistics was used. Results: The cyberbullying occurs in 11% of the students: 9.5% in males and 15% in females; the most used media to bully are the social networks with 52%, followed by 21.7% mobile messaging; within academic consequences 34.2% have no desire to go to school, 47.4% have lowered their grades; in relation to family problems 42% have problems with their parents and siblings and according to psychological problems about 40% feel depressed and third of the victims of cyberbullying declare: “believe it is better disappear.” CONCLUSIONS: Cyberbullying cases were detected predominantly in females which shows a gender componentItem Prevalencia del Helicobacter Pylori y factores asociados en escolares de la etnia Shuar del cantón Sucúa –Morona Santiago, 2014.(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, 2015-12) Arias Neira, Jaime Guillermo; Arévalo Peláez, Carlos Eduardo; Charry Ramírez, José RicardoIntroduction: According to the WHO, more than 50% of the adult population is infected with Helicobacter Pylori, with prevalence rates of up to 90%. Most infections occur before 10 years old. Since the H. Pylori appeared (1983), it has been associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux and even gastric cancer. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample was formed by 250 Shuar school children from Sucúa. The test used for the detection of Helicobacter pylori is the identification of antigens in the feces by immunochromatography. To establish the significance of variables association the OR was used with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The average age was 8.8 years (SD 2.0), with women predominance (54.4%). The 56.4% consumes drinking water, the 71.65% lives in overcrowding, a 42% has latrine service and 49.2% has sewerage service. A significant association with the level of education OR 1.68, 95% CI (1 - 2.84), p = 0.049; latrines OR 1.99, 95% CI (1.17 - 3.36), p = 0.01; outdoor feces OR 4.32, 95% CI (2.13 - 8.77), p = 0.000 was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is high in the Shuar school population; It is associated with a low level of parents education and inadequate infrastructure of basic servicesItem Manejo del trauma de tórax y características demográficas, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca – Ecuador.(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Guachún Guachún, Mayra Alejandra; Aguirre Vintimilla, Marcos Andrés; Lituma Yascaribay, Sara Cumandá; Tapia Gudiño, Johnny AmilcarObjective: To analyze the management of chest trauma at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and describe the demographic characteristics of the population studied. Method: It is a retrospective, descriptive study, the sample was 167 patients treated in the Emergency service at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, who were diagnosed with thoracic trauma during the period January 2013 to June 2015; Data were obtained from medical records. Demographic variables and treatment data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and chi square. The SPSS program, version 18, and Excel 2010 were used. Results: The average age was 37 years, with high frequency in men 84.4%. The diagnoses were: 36.53% hemothorax, pneumothorax 25.75%, and 27.54% hemopneumothorax. The 4.8% of patients received nonsurgical treatment, 82.6% pleural drainage; a 12.6% thoracotomy was performed at the moment to arrive. The 19.8% thoracotomy was performed during hospital stay due to complications such as coagulated or residual hemothorax. The mortality was 5.4% (9 patients), 7 had extra- thoracic injuries. Conclusions: Chest trauma occurs in high percentage in the third decade of life and it mostly was resolved with pleural drainage. Extra thoracic injuries increase mortality and need a multidisciplinary approach.Item Valores hematológicos y bioquímicos, y su asociación con el estado nutricional, en escolares urbanos. Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Charry Ramírez, Jose Ricardo; Villamagua Jiménez, Ruth LorenaObjective: To determine the hematological and biochemical values and its association with nutritional status in urban schoolchildren from Cuenca. Materials and methods: It is an analytical cross-sectional study; it has a randomized cluster sample of 585 school children between 5 and 12 years of urban schools in Cuenca during the period 2012-2013. The nutritional status was determined using growth curves for children and adolescents (z-score), body mass index by age and sex according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization; and with the values of hematological and biochemical practiced, the laboratory results and nutritional status were related. Results: The average population age was 8.87 ± 1.9 years; hematological average values: 4.82 ± 0.31 red blood cells x 106/ml; white blood cells 7.15 ± 1.86 x 103/ml; hemoglobin 13.66 ± 1.34 g / dL; hematocrit 40.59 ± 3.92%; mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 83.64 ± 4.03fl; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 38.31 ± 1.27pg. Average biochemical values: total protein 6.92 ± 1.04g/ dL, serum albumin 4.37 ± 0.7g / dL, serum iron 87.40 ± 35.31μg / dL. The 19.3% presented malnutrition (malnutrition 1.2%, 12.8% overweight and obesity 5.3%), there was a statistically significant association (p <0.05) with red blood cells. There were statistically significant differences between boys and girls in iron values, MCV and MCH; and for malnutrition, serum iron, red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, and MCV. Conclusions: There was association between nutritional status and hematologic and biochemical values. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban school population of Cuenca was determined, similar to the reported in other studies.Item Sobre-expresión de la proteína p 16 en biopsias con diagnóstico de NIC I, positivas para Genoma de Papiloma Virus Humano. Instituto del Cáncer. SOLCA Cuenca-Ecuador. 2009-2010.(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2015-12) Murillo Bacilio, Magdali del Rocío; Ugalde Puyol, Jorge Edmundo; Palta González, Araceli Miroslava; Picón Coronel, María GabrielaNumerous studies report that overexpression of p16 protein that is a biomarker to identify premalignant exocervical epithelium lesions would have a high association with human papillomavirus (HPV) with high oncogenic risk. It is a descriptive correlational study whose objective was to establish association of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade I (CIN I), HPV positive, with the p16 expression. Materials, methods and results: It is a correlational study conducted from November 2009 to November 2010; about 256 cases of CIN I were presented, 72 were positive HPV; also p16 technique was performed. The women average age was 41 years. There were 40 (55.6%) positive cases for p16, and only 32 (44.4%) were negative. From the positive cases for p16, the most common viral types were high-risk patients: 33 (82.5%). The p16 was valued in amount, distribution and intensity, establishing a relationship between the intensity of p16 with high-risk virus (p = 0.038). When the age and viral type were analyzed, patients between 20 and 40 years (36 cases, 90%) presented HPV genome with high risk. Conclusions: There is correlation between the intensity of p16 with the presence of HPV high risk, helping select groups prone to disease progression.