Volumen 6 No. 1 (2015)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/22273
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Item Evaluación de pavimentos en base a métodos no destructivos y análisis inverso(2015) Avila Redrovan, Edisson Oswaldo; Albarracin Llivisaca, Flavio Hernesto; Bojorque Iñeguez, Jaime AsdrúbalThe feasibility and efficiency of impact deflectometry, to assess the structural capacity of flexible pavements on local roads of the southern E40 road network, were analyzed. Deflections generated by the impact of the non-destructive Falling Weight Deflectometer are interpreted using back-calculation techniques, such as proposed by AASHTO 93, LUKANEN, YONAPAVE and ROHDE. Those techniques enable the quantification and qualification of the structural deterioration level of existing pavement-subgrade systems by two parameters. The first parameter is derived from the resilient modulus, and its value is compared to the output of inverse and finite element analysis using respectively the EVERCALC and ANSYS software. The second parameter is defined by the structural capacity of the pavement-subgrade system, and derived applying the concept of characteristic deflection as described in the AASHTO Design Guide 93. The study revealed that the best method to characterize the road status is the analysis technique proposed by YONAPAVE. The approach not only presents results of the current condition of the road under study, but provides also recommendations regarding the management of road pavement. The developed methodology enables to elevate in future pavement engineering to pavement management engineering.Item Análisis preliminar de la fitotoxicidad del material particulado sedimentable de la zona urbana de Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Abad Terán, Mónica Eulalia; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCThis paper reports on the phytotoxicity of Sedimentable Particulate Material (acronym in Spanish: MPS) in the urban area of Cuenca. MPS was collected at three sites in the city of Cuenca applying the method described in the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation of the Ministry of Environment (acronym in Spanish: TULASMA). The concentration of components in the sedimentable particulates was measured using gravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy for heavy metals, and a method adopted from the EPA 300.1 reference for anions. The phytotoxicity of MPS was evaluated in bioassays measuring respectively the germination, and the root and hypocotyl elongation of seeds of the following plants: Lactuca sativa, Brassica oleracea italica, Allium cepa, and Raphanus sativus. In the bioassay seeds were exposed to different dilutions of the aqueous suspension of MPS. Results clearly revealed that the effect is concentration and species dependent, showing different levels of phytotoxicity.Item Prevalencia de genotipos del papiloma virus humano en mujeres de la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Cabrera V., José A.; Cárdenas Herrera, Oswaldo; Campoverde Cisneros, Manuel Alfredo; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCThe main objectives of the research were to detect as a function of age the prevalence of high- and low-risk oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) in cervical samples of woman in the fourteen districts of the province of Azuay. The project encompassed the cytopathological diagnosis of intraepithelial cervical lesions and the risk factors of the genotypes found were related with existing vaccines which are used as a preventive measure of cervical cancer. Cervical smear samples from a random population of 500 women were screened with the Papanicolaou (Pap) test using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study revealed a prevalence of HPV of 25.6%, respectively 4.8% low-risk oncogenic genotypes and 20.8% high-risk oncogenic genotypes, and only in the 20-29 age group a significant higher prevalence of the high-risk genotypes 31 and 66 (p<0.05) was observed. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) represent 7% and the low-grade squamous intraepithelilial lesion (LSIL) 1.8%. Furthermore no high-grade squamous intraepithelilial lesions were identified. Of the surveyed population 2.8% of the women possess viral genotypes which are treatable by the vaccines distributed by the Ministry of Public Health (MSP).Item El impacto de la capacitación a profesores fiscales de inglés de Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Calle Calle, Ana María; Argudo, J.; Cabrera, P.; Calle, M. D.; León, M. V.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCIt is known that teachers’ beliefs guide their professional practices (Borg, 2011). However, it has not been studied how professional development affects teaching practices. Few studies have been conducted about the influence of training or professional development in English teachers. This study aims to determine the impact of training regarding communicative strategies in the English classroom. Twelve public teachers were trained on communicative strategies attending a course2 of 110 hours and working individually about 20 extra hours. These teachers are the subjects of this research. A quasi-experimental longitudinal research was conducted. A pre-observation was conducted before the training. Immediately after the training, a post-observation was implemented. Finally a re-observation was developed after two years of the completion of the intensive ECTS training. The results show significant changes in the post-observation, but these changes are not the same in the re-observation. It is suggested to organize continuously professional development programs.Item Preliminary assessment of the numerical competencies of children from a public preschool and kindergarten in Cuenca(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Bojorque Iñegues, Gina Catalina; Torbeyns, Joke; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCThere is abundant evidence that young children are capable of developing mathematical knowledge and that the arithmetic skills of young children are a predictor of their future academic achievement. There is also a common agreement that the quality of early mathematical instruction has an important influence on children´s subsequent learning. In Ecuador studies on young children´s early mathematical competencies and instruction are scare. Therefore a study was initiated to (1) assess the numerical competencies of preschoolers and kindergartners (first year of elementary education) attending a public school in Cuenca, with the objective to critically analyze their numerical thinking and reasoning, and (2) examine teachers’ practices and believes regarding early mathematical instruction and children´s mathematical competencies. An application of the Number Knowledge Test (Griffin, 2005) demonstrated that most of the participating children had not developed basic numerical competencies. In addition, teachers strongly believe that young children are incapable of carrying out mathematical thoughts. As a consequence, mathematical activities in which children and teachers are engaged are insufficiently developed. The scientific and practical implications of these results are discussed.Item Educación sexual: la asignatura pendiente(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Manzano Pauta, Diana Elisabeth; Jerves Hermida, Elena Monserrath; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCDespite advances in knowledge of sex education, lack of studies on the perspective of teachers and the importance of their role in teaching this subject to their teenage students, triggered the research presented in this paper. The study focuses on the knowledge, practices and attitudes of teachers from high schools in the city of Cuenca about sexual education of their adolescent students. We adopted a quantitative approach, using a questionnaire-based survey for data collection. The study population consisted of a sample of 180 teachers from public and private schools. Results reveal that a percentage of teachers never received training on sexual education. This lack of training is reflected in the limited engagement of teachers in addressing sex education in their classrooms, the abstinence of which leads to sexual health misconceptions.Item Which way out of poverty? the human capital versus human capabilities approaches(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Chavez E., Andrés A.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCPoverty is a global issue that affects people in different ways. The purpose of this article is to explore the two main theories that address poverty and the potential for overcoming it, which are the human capital and human capabilities approaches. The human capital approach focuses exclusively on the economic facet of poverty; in this perspective, poverty is defined as a lack of money and can be addressed by increasing the financial income of persons living in poverty. The human capabilities approach views poverty as a multidimensional problem that extends beyond economics to areas such as health, education, and freedom. This approach is geared towards social change and helping people in poverty to discover and fulfill their potential. The author finds that the human capabilities approach more accurately encompasses the range of poverty and the individuals affected by it, although its broad range has made it difficult to design and implement effective policies that address all the facets of poverty.Item Hombres y masculinidad ¿un cambio de modelo?(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Valcuende del Río, José María; Blanco López, Juan; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCIn the last decades we have witnessed an important boost to research focusing on masculinities analysis. Far from being coincidental, this is due to two different reasons: A political one, related to the questioning of a society depicted exclusively in masculine terms; and a scientific other, related to the fact that, with femininity being questioned, Why should we not question masculinity? Both reasons have influenced the de-naturalization of a supposed universal masculinity and the proliferation of studies tending to reveal issues as: social ways of building men; power reproduction mechanisms engraved in bodies; unequal social models around the masculine issue, domination relationships between men and women, and between men themselves. This theoretical wondering around “the masculine” has been closely linked to social movements, specially feminisms and sexual liberation movements, which have played a central part in redefining women’s and men’s roles, and hence, in the quest of new alternatives to traditional models, also for men themselves. In the following pages we actually approach the notions of masculinity and masculinities, emphasizing their relational and changing character, as well as their different meanings.Item Análisis histórico constructivo de la iglesia de Santo Domingo de Guzmán (Pajarejos, Segovia) por medio del análisis estratigráfico constructivo(Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-06) Aguirre Ullauri, María del Cisne; Alvarez G., Alvaro J.; Universidad de Cuenca; Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca; DIUCThe article illustrates the potential of stratigraphic analysis, an archaeological method reading the information contained on surfaces, enabling the acquisition of knowledge and the documentation of architectural heritage. The vicissitudes of the method permit to reconstruct the architectural stratification of heritage buildings, yielding more in-depth knowledge than what can be derived through historical and typological analysis. The approach involves the application of a logic and contextualized stratigraphic survey of the legible and tangible elements of the building, the primary source, enabling the reestablishment of the chronology of technical and constructive interventions that have led to the current appearance of the building. Consideration of this knowledge, prior to any new interference, will automatically result in a more rational and justified intervention in heritage assets. The detailed stratigraphic study of the Romanesque church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán (Castilla and León, Spain) has clearly demonstrated the virtues of the method, and this in the absence of previous studies and the limited availability of historical references. The study revealed the succession of thirteen specific and complementary phases of constructive campaigns between the twelfth century and today, previously architectonically not documented.