Tesis de Maestría

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Actitudes y aptitudes de los profesionales de enfermería en la promoción de la salud de acuerdo al modelo de Nola Pender, Cantón Cañar 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-20) Guamán Álvarez, Ana Lucía; Merchán, María Gerardina
Back Background: in public health settings, the role of nursing in health promotion and prevention has made a difference in the health team; possibly due to their training and the attitudes and aptitudes for their performance in the areas of the first level of care using various health promotion methodologies; within the framework of a biologic, curative, medicalized system. Objective: to describe the attitudes and skills of nursing professionals in health promotion according to the Nola Pender model in Cantón Cañar 2022. Methodological design: qualitative-ethnographic study, voluntary convenience sampling, under the criterion of theoretical saturation by snowball, applying semi-structured interviews to 9 nursing professionals from the first level of care district 03D02, parliaments that were categorized and coded using Atlas.ti (v.22). Results: 43 codes emerged grouped into themes: 1 nursing action in health promotion, 2. Pender model in the community context focused on promotion, and 3. interventions based on comprehensive health needs; three categories encompass the study phenomenon: attitudes, aptitudes and health promotion. Conclusions: nursing professionals from the Canton of Cañar show outstanding attitudes and skills related to health promotion, using the Pender model as a reference, highlighting that they are positive when changing behaviors in the population; and negative due to limitations in the environment due to lack of recognition; This observed reality shows that nursing is fully aware of its responsibility in health care.
Determinantes sociales en el autocuidado del adulto mayor que asiste al Centro de Salud N-13-Guayaquil 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-19) Quijije Diaz, Rina Vanessa; Merchán, María Gerardina
Background: the self-care of the elderly is developed within the framework of the social determinants that generate ways of life in the different aspects of their daily lives, these impact people's lives, identifying the forms of self-care in specific groups and their environment contributes to the knowledge of the concrete reality, to raise the quality of health and socioeconomic care by families, community and state institutions. Objective: to identify the social determinants in the self-care of the elderly. Methodology: it was of a quantitative, descriptive, field type; Two structured surveys were used: Socioeconomic Level Stratification and the Lawton and Brody Scale. We worked with a sample of 150 older adults. The data were tabulated through descriptive statistics, presented in frequency tables, and analyzed based on the study objectives. Results: the study group is mostly in the 60-69 age range, women have a 2:1 relationship with men; unemployment involves the majority, their socioeconomic condition is negatively affected, they do not have the necessary resources for daily sustenance; there is dependence on their relatives to carry out self-care activities, which generates feelings of guilt when considering themselves "a burden for others". Conclusions: the study group is located mostly in the "lower middle" socioeconomic scale, leading them to develop dependency, limiting their self-care capacity, which increases with the aging process that decreases their physical (strength, skills) and cognitive capacity.
Afrontamiento del adulto mayor frente a diabetes tipo 2 atendidos en el Centro de Salud de Azogues del distrito 03D01, agosto 2022 – febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-30) García Herrera, Susana Maricela; Pacheco Bacuilima, Pedro Xavier
Background: In older adult’s quality of life can be affected by limitations in daily activities, onset, progression of diabetes and its complications. The basic resource is the coping that the individual has to face the disease and maintain or improve their health. Objective: To determine the coping of older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. With a sample of 105 older adults attended at the Azogues Health Center, September 2022 - February 2023, a survey was applied for sociodemographic variables and the scale for measuring the coping and adaptation process proposed by Callista Roy, with the Likert scale. A correlational analysis was performed using Pearson's test. Results: 61% of the older adults were female, 81.9% were residents of the Azogues sector, 41% were married, 34.3% were housewives, and 57.1% had primary schooling. According to socioeconomic level, 50.5% belonged to level C- (medium-low), in coping with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), the majority presented a high capacity. There was a Pearson correlation between age and schooling with factor 1 (0.08 and 0.02 respectively), and between age and factors 3 and 4 (0.06 and 0.04 respectively). Conclusion: The feasibility of using the coping theory of older adults in the face of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) helps to determine positive aspects for the improvement of quality of life.
Aplicación del modelo de Virginia Henderson al personal de enfermería a cargo del cuidado del adulto mayor con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el primer nivel de atención de salud de la Provincia de Cañar, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-29) Vázquez Bravo, María José; Burgueño Alcalde, Francisca
Antecedents: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the leading cause of death in older adults globally and in Ecuador. To address this problem, the Ministry of Public Health (MOH) promotes Primary Health Care (PHC), focusing on patient empowerment, collaboration and holistic care. Purpose: Virginia Henderson's theory is proposed as a complement in this approach. The objective of the research is to evaluate the applicability of Virginia Henderson's theory in nursing staff to improve the care of older adult patients with NCDs in PHC in the province of Cañar during 2022. Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive quantitative design, nursing personnel in health centers of the province were surveyed, analyzing the 14 needs proposed by Henderson's theory. Results: The results show a correlation between Henderson's 14 needs and governmental guidelines, leading to an improvement in the care of older adult patients. By adopting a comprehensive and individualized approach, patients' physical, emotional and social needs are addressed. The application of the Henderson model ensures appropriate care for their specific needs. However, the 14 needs are occasionally applied, with an average percentage of 55%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the limited applicability of the Virginia Henderson model in PHC in the province of Cañar highlights the need to increase education and knowledge about the theory among health professionals and relevant authorities.
Calidad de vida del enfermo renal crónico que se realiza hemodiálisis en el Centro de Diálisis Farmadial-La Troncal 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-29) Maldonado Macias, Karina Mercedes; Palencia Gutiérrez, Esperanza Marbella
Chronic renal failure is increasing in Ecuador and with it the need to face renal replacement therapy as part of their treatment, in this sense the assessment of quality of life should be performed in different spheres and not be limited to the causes and symptoms of the disease. Objective: To determine the quality of life of chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis in La Troncal 2022. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Farmadial Dialysis Center during the period July to December 2022, a non-probabilistic sample of 92 people using the KDQOLTM-36 questionnaire which evaluated the quality of life. Results: Of a total of 180 people, 92 were analyzed; the predominant characteristics were men 52.2%, with a mean age of 48.9±10.10 years, who have remained on hemodialysis for a period of 5 to 9 years (47.8%). Referring to the KDQOLTM-36, the quality of life was manifested in the item Health as very good 49.30% [81.79+-12.25]; Disease effects excellent 40.10% [63.96+-19.70]; Disease burden good 59.60% [47.69-+21.57]; PCS good 52.50% [41.53-+8.05]; MCS good 93.10% [48.49- +5.76]. Conclusion: Patients on renal replacement therapy have a good quality of life despite their limited physical condition.
Factores que influyen en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores del cantón Santiago de Méndez, Ecuador 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-28) Coronel Sánchez, Tatiana Gabriela; Pacheco Bacuilima, Pedro Xavier
Background: Constant growth and the characteristics of population aging are considered important in the area of health. This research project addressed the quality of life of the elderly and the factors that are most related to the well-being of this group. age, the quality of life was taken into account from a multidimensional vision, which should include: environmental, cultural, economic aspects, health services, satisfaction, leisure activities, among others. Objective: To determine the influence of associated factors on the quality of life of older adults in the Santiago de Méndez canton, Ecuador 2022. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study. Data was obtained by applying the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life scale, family APGAR, and the INEC socioeconomic level stratification survey. Results: Statistically significant results were reflected with a confidence level of 99.9% for factors such as being an adult over 71 years of age, not having studies or having incomplete primary school, having a marital status of single, widowed or divorced, being of AfroEcuadorian ethnicity. or indigenous and presenting severe or moderate dysfunction in the family environment, which represent a risk to the quality of life of the elderly. Conclusions: Having a low level of education, being of Afro-Ecuadorian or indigenous ethnicity, presenting a severe or moderate dysfunction directly influence risk factors that determine a very poor or regular quality of life.
Significados culturales del embarazo, parto y posparto del grupo de mujeres Transito Amaguaña de la etnia Cañari, Zhud-Ecuador,2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-28) Peralta Cárdenas, María Fernanda; Verdugo Sánchez, Adriana Elizabeth
Background: From a cultural point of view, health practices are created in daily life, in this case in the processes of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum which are considered the transcendental events of women where their habits and beliefs are showed. Objective: To interpret the cultural meanings of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum in the Tránsito Amaguaña women at the Cañari ethnic group, Zhud-Ecuador, 2022. Methodological design: A qualitative study with an ethnographic design by means of a voluntary sampling under criteria of theoretical saturation with the application of a semistructured interview to 4 mothers, a focal group, then the codification and categorization of the parliaments of the informants was made with the support of the Atlas.ti application (v. 22). Results: 31 codes emerged from the analysis of the interviews, grouped into six themes: 1. advancing in pregnancy, 2. the experience during childbirth, 3. the journey during the puerperium, 4. the Cañari cosmovision of motherhood, 5. the Cañari culture of midwifery and 6. health: between ethics and ethics. Three categories encompass the study phenomenon: pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. Conclusions: The Cañari women ethnic group carry out their cultural practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, which are related to feeding, ingestion of hot liquids, bathing the woman during her postpartum period, believing that if this is not done, it could cause over delivery, a condition that complicates her recovery; they also mention the midwives as the people who carry out their follow-up during pregnancy together with the health personnel. For this reason, it is necessary to understand their cultural perceptions to emphasize the cultural relevance to carry out the respective nursing care and activities to promote women’s health.
Factores asociados al autocuidado de los pacientes adultos con hipertensión arterial que acuden al Centro de salud de Guapán, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-27) Bermeo Minchala, María Lourdes; Cabrera Cárdenas, Carmen Lucía
Background: arterial hypertension is a public health problem, it affects 30% of the world's adult population, it is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular event, kidney failure and premature death due to the complications it produces. Knowledge of the factors associated with self-care of the disease allows Nursing professionals to intervene on them to promote self-care and develop comprehensive care for a better quality of life for hypertensive patients. Objective: To identify the factors associated with the self-care of adult patients with Arterial Hypertension who attend the Guapán Parish Health Center. Methodology: Quantitative research, cross-sectional analytical study, the study population consisted of 160 adult patients with arterial hypertension treated at the Health Center of the Guapán parish, the ASA scale, the INEC socioeconomic file was used; For the information processing, the SPSS program was used. Result: 100% of the studied population have a medium self-care capacity, showing greater significance of self-care with factors such as: female sex 70.6%, marital status married 66.9%, incomplete primary education level 43.1% and average socioeconomic level 34.4%. Conclusion: The characteristics of the population are similar, homogeneous in sociodemographic variables such as: sex, age, socioeconomic status, level of education and adherence to treatment, which has determined similar results between self-care capacity and associated factors, in the Management of the disease in the Guapán parish of the Azogues Canton
Prácticas interculturales del parto y posparto en las comunidades adscritas al Centro de Salud tipo -B Biblián, periodo julio- diciembre 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-26) Encalada Prieto, Zoila Marlene; Aguilar Pesántez, Martina de Jesús
Background: Interculturality is a process of communication and interaction between people. Traditional customs given in childbirth and postpartum are carried out to improve the quality of life of women; these practices have existed for thousands of years among indigenous peoples and nationalities, their knowledge being catalogued as empirical. The practice of childbirth and postpartum in the community was the responsibility of midwives, midwives or family members, men and women of wisdom who were charged with caring for the health of the community. Objective: To explore the intercultural practices of childbirth and postpartum in the communities attached to the Type-B Biblian Health Center, period July-December 2022. Methodology: a qualitative-ethnographic study was carried out, the semi-structured interview was used as techniques, and it was applied to midwives at the Type B Health Centre in canton Biblián, on intercultural practices in childbirth and postpartum. Results: Intercultural practices in childbirth and postpartum in the communities attached to the Biblián Health Center still prevail despite the passing of time, with certain modifications expressed by women of wisdom, The importance of such practices is to preserve the health of women and newborns in good conditions and to achieve a well-being and a connection with nature.
Nivel de dependencia del adulto mayor diabético y factores de riesgo asociados en la parroquia Sinincay, Cuenca, 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-20) LLiguicota Pindo, Yolanda Alexandra; Naulaguari Medina, Patricia Piedad
Background: Old age has become an important social problem, uncontrolled risk factors in adulthood increase the alterations that contribute to further deterioration of the elderly, affecting functionality and quality of life, generating greater dependency. Objective: To determine the level of dependency of the diabetic elderly and the associated risk factors in the Sinincay parish, Cuenca 2022. Methodology: Analytical, cross-sectional research, carried out in diabetic older adults from the Sinincay parish. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scales, the Yesabage geriatric depression scale and the Bartthel Index were used, to which the American Heart Association (AHA) hypertension scale was added. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25 program. The results were expressed in tables with frequencies and percentages, measures of central tendency, and relative risk, with a value of statistical significance of p <0.05. Results: 53% of the sample corresponded to the female sex and the mean age was 78.52 years. A prevalence of dependency of 81.5% was determined, being occupation and malnutrition the main risk factors for this condition. Conclusions: it was determined that there is a large percentage of dependency in the sample analyzed, mainly mild to moderate. It is inferred that this high rate is due to the influence of multiple risk factors, a situation that requires a high demand for caregivers.
Competencias de enfermería en la malnutrición en niños de 0-5 años del Distrito 01D03, Azuay. 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-20) Dominguez Rodriguez, Norma Patricia; Yánez Corrales, Ángela Cristina
In children, nutritional status constitutes the basis for sustainable progress and poverty reduction, for which nursing staff have the necessary skills and knowledge to fulfill their competencies in care, management and transversal functions that allow promoting strategies, create plans to strengthen care and precise knowledge to improve eating habits, thus improving the health of the population. OBJECTIVE: to analyze nursing skills in malnutrition in children from 0 to 5 years of District 01D03, 2022. METHODOLOGY: quantitative descriptive study, with a sample of 94 nursing professionals from District 01D03. For data collection, a survey and the ECO-Enf instrument were applied, which was adapted to child malnutrition based on the comprehensive child care guide with linguistic validation by academic peers. The analysis was performed with the SPSS-v15.0 program. RESULTS: it was obtained from the 94 nursing professionals who work in District 01D03, 60.6% are 24-29 years old, 79.8% female, 75.5% practice their profession in a time average of 0 – 5 years and 5.3% have master's degrees. CONCLUSIONS: the level of general nursing skills to address malnutrition at the first level of care in District 01D03 is high, prevailing transversal functions, in addition, the care function is perceived as very good and with limited management functions.
Participación comunitaria en el cuidado de la salud, Comunidad de San José de la Playa, Parroquia El Valle. Cuenca, octubre 2022- marzo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-13) Valverde Chocho, Liliana Elizabeth; Cabrera Cárdenas, Carmen Lucía
Community Participation acquires conceptual domain from the Declaration of Alma Ata and the Ottawa Charter, as an essential strategy to achieve universal access to services, community welfare and improve the health of populations; the as an essential component in the organization of health care. However, its application in Ecuador has not been entirely easy and has had diverse developments, especially in health care. Objective: to describe the characteristics of community participation in health care in the community of San José de la Playa. Methods: a qualitative, ethnographic research with an interpretative approach was carried out, with semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups of two types: community leaders and health personnel; a non-random sample was used by convenience until the information was saturated; these data were transcribed and analyzed using the Atlas ti program; for triangulation, hermeneutics was applied. Results: being the first field study, the results support and verify the bibliographic research on the subject, evidenced and raised in the referential framework, highlighting that the leaders know the importance, characteristics and purposes of community organization for local development and health care, which is confirmed by the perceptions, knowledge and practices of the professional health personnel. Conclusions: CP is fundamental for the development and improvement of communities. When members of a community are involved and work together, they can effectively identify and address local problems and needs. In addition, it increases the sense of belonging and social cohesion in a community, resulting in a positive impact on health care.
Síndrome de sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con discapacidad y su relación con la funcionalidad familiar, de la Parroquia Zurmi, Nangaritza-2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-13) Sarango Gualán, Hilda Beatriz; Palencia Gutiérrez, Esperanza Marbella
Approximately in 70% of the cases, people with disabilities are cared for by family members, and in 80% it is women who provide this care, mainly in advanced ages; this role is assumed by will, necessity or obligation, without receiving training and without having experience. These people not only assume responsibility for the care, but also for the decisions that involve the well-being and the coverage of the basic needs of the subject of care. Objective: To analyze the overload syndrome in caregivers of people with disabilities and its relationship with family functionality, from the Zurmi parish, Nangaritza-2022. Methodology: Quantitative analytical and cross-sectional study, 60 families caring for people with disabilities from the Zurmi parish, the Zarit survey was applied, family APGAR information was collected in a data collection form, said data was processed in the SPSS statistical program. Results: 53.3% resulted in intense overload; 13.3% presented a slight overload; a smaller percentage presented serious dysfunction with 21.7% and 31.7% were located within a functional family; there is an association between the degree of disability and suffering from caregiver overload syndrome (p=0.002; PR= 1.44); there is an association between the caregiver overload syndrome and family dysfunction (p=0.00; PR= 5.33). Conclusion: In this investigation it was possible to know that the degree of disability is associated with family functionality and caregiver overload, constituting a multifactorial phenomenon of interest in the field of community nursing.
Factores que influyen en la no realización del examen de papanicolaou en mujeres de 20 a 40 años de la Comunidad Shaime, octubre 2022 – marzo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-12) Yaruqui Jimenez, Nivia Victoria; Sánchez Campoverde, Diana Esther
Background: the Papanicolaou (PAP) exam allows the timely detection of premalignant lesions in the cervix, to prevent the development of cervical cancer, one of the main causes of death in women. This exam is carried out by taking a sample that it is analyzed microscopically evaluating cellular alterations that may indicate a pathology. General objective: to determine the factors that influence the non-performance of the Pap test in women aged 20 to 40 years of the Shaime Community, October 2022 – March 2023. Methodology: this is an analytical study based on surveys designed, the population was made up of all women in the Shaime community aged between 20 and 40 years. In turn, the sample was established by 70 women, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were processed based on descriptive statistics using the statistical package SPSS free version 22. Results: the mean age was 28.11 years, 97.1% self-identified as indigenous; 67.1% had primary education. There is a relationship between not taking the PAP test and having a negative attitude (p = 0.00 1), likewise, it could be understood that not performing this procedure is related to feeling afraid towards the test (p = 0.028); forgetting to perform it (p = 0.004) and not feeling motivated (p < 0,01). Conclusion: Not taking the PAP exam was associated with having a negative attitude, feeling afraid of the procedure, forgetting to have it and not feeling motivated.
Modelo de enfermería en atención primaria de salud materno-infantil y del adolescente
(1995) Cabrera Cárdenas, Carmen Lucía; Robalino Izurieta, Gladys; Sosa Zurita, Rosario Judith; Eskola Torres, Gladys Bolivia; Guillén Cabrera, Olga Isabel; Pesántez Palacios, Lía Elena
Modelo de enfermería en atención primaria de salud materno-infantil y del adolescente
(1996) Inga Quito, Rosario Guillermina; Pesántez Palacios, Lía Elena

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