Volumen 36 No.2 (Noviembre 2018)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/32138
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Síndrome de West(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Arroyo Cartagena, María Fernanda; Jaramillo Oyervide, Julio AlfredoWest syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy, its caused is unknown, and it begins in the 2 first years of development. Some hypotheses about the cause have been described as: "the reaction of an immature brain to damage" or "the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain stem ". West syndrome is characterized by the presence of the classic triad: muscle spasms, hypsarrhythmia and neurological impairment. The treatment consists mainly in the administration of anticonvulsants (Valproic acid, Vigabatrin, Benzodiazepines) to prevent further brain damage. The objective of this review is to describe the West syndrome widely. According to several authors such as Ruggieri, Dehli, Pozo, among others, they state that children with West syndrome have some type of neurological impairment either cognitive or motor. Physical therapy, occupational therapy and early stimulation help to overcome motor or cognitive delay and improve the quality of children life. The review concludes that West syndrome is not a very common syndrome since it affects 1 in 2,000 or 4000 children, predominantly in males and represents 47% of the epilepsies of the first year of life.Item Intoxicación oral por benzodiacepinas. Reporte de caso y revisión bibliográfica.(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Vázquez Bustos, Wilson Patricio; Guamán Vásquez, Ana PaulinaAlprazolam is a benzodiazepine of intermediate action. Its average life is from 6 to 12 hours. Few studies exist about the poisoning of this benzodiazepine. Oral poisoning by benzodiazepines (BZD) that are taken in overdose without adjuvant rarely cause significant toxicity. The classic clinical presentation of such poisoning includes CNS depression with normal vital signs. Clinically there is dysarthria, ataxia and alteration of the mental state. Respiratory compromise is uncommon with isolated oral intakes, but can be seen when patients ingest hypnotic agents, additional sedatives (such as ethanol) or when doctors administer BZD as one of several agents for procedural sedation. Case Summary: a 17-year-old male patient who orally ingests 12 tablets of alprazolam as an attempt at autolysis. He comes for the emergency service with drowsiness, speech slowness, incoherence and dizziness. Stable Vital Signs. The complementary exams do not reveal abnormality. Psychologists and Psychiatrists and social work are consulted, confirming diagnosis of major depression, in 72 hours it evolves favorably. Conclusions: Oral benzodiazepine poisoning in an isolated manner rarely causes respirator depression, so the myth that benzodiazepine poisoning is equal to respiratory depression is ruled out.Item Coexistencia de micosis pulmonar mixta en paciente inmunocompetente. Primer reporte de caso, revisión y actualidad.(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Alemán Iñiguez, Juan Miguel; Parra Coronel, PabloMixed pulmonary mycosis is a very rare entity, even more so in patients without immunosuppression, then the epidemiological and clinical findings explain the massive mycotic invasion in a normal immune state. Case Summary: This case is about a female patient, adult, with medical background, who debuted with acute respiratory failure and hemoptysis, the imaging and microbiological evidence allowed the diagnosis of pulmonary angio-invasive aspergillosis coexisting with pulmonary candidiasis; Antifungal therapy was used to solve the infection Conclusion: A mixed pulmonary mycosis depends on the exposure of the source of infection and can coexist in immunocompetence due to the exfoliative action of the pathogens and the substrates that the host produces.Item Percepciones de los sanadores andinos de Saraguro sobre la hibridación en salud y la influencia de la cultura occidental(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Achig Balarezo, David Ricardo; Angulo Rosero, Aydée Narcisa; Brito Roby, Liliana Alexandra; Arévalo Peláez, Carlos Eduardo; Rojas Reyes, Rosendo Ivan; Quizhpi Merchán, Carmita Victoria; Mosquera Vallejo, Lorena Elizabeth; Quishpe Bolaños, Jorge MarceloThe cultural hybridization in health allows to recognize diverse practices that coexist in the same space and time, a process that is fulfilled in Saraguro, county of the South-Ecuadorian Andes with an indigenous and mixed ethnic population with health experiences that respond to different rationalities. Objetive: Analyzing the conceptions of Saraguro healers with respect to health hybridization. Method: The present is a qualitative-interpretative study, with interviews to wise people of the place; the worked categories are: Hybridization, conceptualization and hybrid reality, to which the integration challenge was added. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed to word for processing, the Atlas.ti program was used. The triangulation was carried out with a university expert in ancestral medicine subjects and the bibliography consulted. Results: The healers of Saraguro keep their ancestral worldview in the phenomena of health-disease, in some practices expressions of other cultures coexist, this hybridization in health shows Andean knowledge with elements of Western medicine and religious order. Conclusions: In Saraguro the Ancestral Medicine is still valid through the healers, wise in healing according to the Andean cosmovision. The Andean healers keep their practice according to the Andean conceptions of the health-disease process. Ancestral health practices undergo a process of hybridization between the ancestral and the Western as well as religious elementsItem Evaluación de atención y memoria en sujetos drogodependientes.(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Fajardo Balbuca, María Fernanda; Carmilema Tapia, Juan Carlos; Sacoto Molina, Adrian MarceloThe exposure to psychoactive substances may predispose the individual to suffer alterations cognitive order. Attention and memory are the functions that are commonly affected. Objetive: The present study evaluated the levels of attention and memory in patients with use disorder by substance use in three specialized centers. Method: It is an exploratory-descriptive study with a 60 participants. The neuropsychological evaluation was performed with the Neuropsi battery for attention and memory. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages. Results: In this case was observed that the researched population showed a greater deterioration in the area of memory with a 70% of alteration, while in the attention was evidenced 33.3% of deficit. Working memory is preserved in most of the population. Conclusions: The results indicate that cognitive deterioration in attention and memory levels are present in subjects with substance use disorder being the memory the most affected function. There was not a considerable relationship between the time of consumption and cognitive damage.Item Resiliencia en niños que han vivido maltrato infantil. Centros de acogimiento institucional de Azuay y Cañar. 2016(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Lucio Bravo, Miriam AlexandraObjective: To determine the level of resilience in children from Azuay and Cañar shelter houses. Method: A cross-sectional study performed in 90 children, ages from 8 to 12 years referred for child abuse from Azuay and Cañar shelters. For data collection the inventory of personal resilience factors of Salgado, personality questionnaire BFQ-NA, and an intelligence test K-BIT were applied. Descriptive analysis for data analysis was performed, and the U Mann Whitney for hypothesis testing. Results: Participants showed a normal resilience average of 68.9%, 23.3% high, 6.7 low and 1.1% very low. In personality, average values were found in factors such as: consciousness (43.3%), openness (41.1%), extraversion (45.6%) and emotional instability (40%), the lowest scores were in the kindness factor (38.9%). In the intellectual assessment, participants showed a percentage in low intelligence (26.7%), medium (25.6%) and medium low (24.4%). Conclusions: Participants in this study presented an average resilience (normal) in its categories: consciousness, openness, extraversion, kindness and emotional instability. The intellectual performance is below the average genera.Item Prevalencia de sobrepeso y factores asociados en adolescentes en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Bravo Parra, Diana Narcisa; Córdova Neira, Marcelo Fernando; Ñauta Baculima, Manuel JaimeOverweight and obesity are currently considered a public health problem with multifactorial cause related to comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus type II, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adolescents of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Method: A descriptive and a cross-sectional study of associated factors was carried out. The sample was selected with a simple random procedure by generating a group of random numbers with the help of a computer interface, being the sample of 238 adolescents. Data about sex, residence, socioeconomic status, family Apgar, breastfeeding, eating habits and physical activity were evaluated. To determine the association, the Odds Ratio statistic was used with a confidence interval of 95% and a value of p <0.05 to define statistical significance. Results: The average age of the 238 adolescents included in the study was 12 years. The prevalence of overweight was 13.4% (IC-95% :) with predominance in the male sex 7.9%. Adolescent overweight is associated with socioeconomic status (OR: 0.169, 95% CI: 0.0418 -0.6195, p = 0.007), more if the income is higher in the head of the family (OR: 1.9848; IC-95%: 1.5353 -2.5660; p = <0.0001), the type of schooling of the adolescent (OR: 3.9481, IC-95%: 1.2732 - 12.2431 p = 0.0174), inadequate eating habits (OR: 4.5537, IC-95%: 2.0255 -10.2377, p = 0.0002). Within these eating habits, the lack of fruit consumption, not having breakfast, excessive consumption of sweets and hamburgers are risk factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight is important in adolescents of the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga and it is associated with the socioeconomic level, type of schooling and inadequate eating habits.Item Eficacia de racecadotrilo en el tratamiento de la enfermedad diarreica aguda, en niños de 3 a 36 meses, en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Ensayo clínico controlado ciego. 2014.(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11) Morales García, Johnny Xavier; Escalante Canto, Paul; Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino; Sempértegui Cárdenas, Pablo XavierObjective: To determine the efficacy of the combined treatment of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and racecadotril against the use of ORS and placebo in children aged between 3 and 36 months with acute diarrhea disease (ADD), in the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (VCMH) emergency service. Method: It is a blind controlled clinical trial in children from 3 to 36 months of the VCMH emergency service, with acute diarrheic disease, without dehydration or mild or moderate dehydration; they do not need hospitalization, without previous antidiarrheal treatment or antibiotic, if their parents or legal representatives sign the informed consent. A total of 79 patients were recruited, 45 in the ORS plus racecadotril group and 34 ORS plus placebo group. Results: The groups were clinically comparable, the patients in the ORS plus racecadotril group showed a significant difference in the number of diarrheas per day from 48 hours [2.7 (DS: ± 1.5), the ORS plus placebo group 4.1 (DS: ± 2.6)] with a p: 0.012; at 72 hours, the racecadotril group [2.2 (DS: ± 1.7), and placebo group [3.3 (DS: ± 2.5)] with p: 0.027. No significant difference was found in the first 24 hours (p: 0.27). Conclusions: Racecadotril is an effective medication to reduce the number of diarrhea after 48 hours, in the initial treatment of children with ADD accompanying ORS therapy in a group of patients treated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital.Item Menarquia temprana e insatisfacción corporal. Un estudio en siete instituciones de educación secundaria de Quito, Machala y Otavalo(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-06) Tilleria Muñoz, YlonkaWorldwide, Objective: To explore the relationship between early menarche and body dissatisfaction in adolescents enrolled in the Sierra region, in Quito and Otavalo cities, and on the Coast region, in Machala city. Method: An exploratory study was carried out in seven educational institutions from Quito, Machala and Otavalo in the period 2013 – 2014. Sociodemographic information was collected through a semi-structured survey, from the eighth grade of basic to the second year of high school. A total of 708 girls and adolescents between 11 and 20 years old made up the sample. Results: In the Sierra region, the 58% of the adolescents presented early menarche versus 42% of cases in the Coast. The average age of menarche in the Sierra region was 12.3 and on the Coast was 12 years. Conclusions: The importance of this study was to show that early menarche in cities from the Sierra and the Coast is related to body dissatisfaction. The menarche, beyond a purely biological fact, evidences the physiological processes and psychic conditions (phenotype), as well as the norms of genetic reaction (genotypes) that are expressed in the ways of life, along with the protective or destructive processes that are present in the health process.