Fonoaudiología

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Abuso y mal uso vocal en los docentes de educación básica de la Escuela Fiscal Básica Panamá y la Unidad Educativa Leoncio Cordero Jaramillo de la ciudad de Cuenca 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-11) Ortiz Zuña, Yessenia Andrea; Ortega Mosquera, Paola Gabriela
Background: The voice is the main means of communication for teachers in the classroom. However, when teaching classes, they often use inappropriate behaviors, such as raising the tone of their voice, shouting, clearing their throat, using if for long hours without breaks, among others. It is important that they avoid these behaviors that alter the health of their voice, affecting their communication, physical well-being, and social, personal, family, emotional and work relationships. Objective: Determine vocal misuse and abuse in basic education teachers of the Panama Basic Fiscal school and the Leoncio Cordero Jaramillo Educational Unit of the city of Cuenca in the period 2023-2024. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 61 teachers where vocal habits were analyzed through the questionnaire “Occupational and personal factors that affect the phonatory system” and tabulated using the SPSS version 25 program. Results: Of the 61 respondents, the women with the highest percentage were the age groups 31-40 and 41-50 years old with 29.5% while the age group of men were 51-60 years old or older with 13.1%. There were risk behaviors, such as increasing their voice by 44.3% and sharpening it by 34.4% when they had between 31 to 40 students, and increasing their voice by 42.6% and sharpening it by 24.6% when they had between 21 and 30 students, Conclusion: Teachers engage in behaviors that reflect vocal abuse and misuse, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, coffee, tea, aggravating the tone
Adaptación audioprotésica del adulto mayor beneficiario de la misión solidaria Manuela Espejo, año 2015
(2017) Méndez Ramón, Mayté Andreina; Vásquez Cordero, Tamara Paulina; Palacios Coello, Ruth Fabiola; Auquilla Díaz, Nancy Eulalia
It is a study carried out in Ecuador, which describes the importance of complying with a correct protocol for audioprosthetic adaptation in the elderly, through the performance of auditory exams that integrate speech-language audiometry as a fundamental part of this process. The general objective was to analyze the audioprosthetic adaptation of the adult beneficiary of the Misión Solidaria Manuela Espejo, in the province of Azuay, in the year 2015. A quantitative descriptive study was carried out from the database of the Ministerio de Salud Pública of Ecuador, in 75 elderly patients between 55 and 94 years of age, with audioprosthetic adaptation, beneficiaries of the Misión Solidaria Manuela Espejo in the province of Azuay, year 2015. The data were collected through an elaborated and validated survey, in addition to the use of the audiological data sheet for the auditory assessment. It was determined that 24% of the beneficiaries corresponded to the age group of 55 to 64 years, of which 77% were men. 57% came from rural Azuay, of which 62.6% had primary schooling. 100% presented Neurosensory Hearing Loss. According to the logoaudiometría, only 1.3% of patients presented a level of comprehension between 81 and 100%, whereas, 24% presented an understanding level of 0 to 20%. Only 7% of adaptations were performed in both ears. Reflecting that 53.3% of beneficiaries were satisfied and 26.7% were regularly satisfied with hearing aids.
Alteraciones auditivas en estudiantes de octavo semestre de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, periodo 2024 -2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-07) Acosta Gomez, Jessica Lisseth; Zhinin Solis, Dayanna Katherine; Quito Vidal, María Paz
Background: Hearing is the ability to perceive environmental sounds like the speech ones. Hearing loss is one of the disorders that causes the most complications in communication. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 5% of the population worldwide, that is, 430 million people, are hearing impaired. Hearing is altered by high intensity sounds; dentistry students are exposed to noise generated by dental equipment, which can exceed 85 decibels (dB), the limit established by the WHO. Objective: The objective of the research project was to determine hearing disorders in eighth semester students of the Dentistry major at the Catholic University of Cuenca, term 2024-2025. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Sample of 78 dentistry students from the Catholic University of Cuenca. The instruments used were the data collection form, otoscopy examinations, and pure tone audiometry tests. Noise in clinical spaces was measured using a sound level meter. Data were analyzed and interpreted using IBM SPSS 25. Results: Statistical analysis showed that 100% of dentistry students had normal bilateral hearing parameters, and 100% of students did not use ear protectors. Conclusions: Dentistry students had normal hearing parameters without hearing disorders.
Alteraciones del lenguaje oral en labio fisurado-paladar hendido: estudio realizado en los escolares diurnos de Cuenca 1985-1986
(1986) Guerrero P., Margoth; Torres P., Geovanny; Tapia A., Angel; Narváez Córdova, Tito Enrique; Barros Chica, Arturo
Alteraciones en la comprensión y expresión del lenguaje en el retardo mental moderado
(1987) Campoverde, Patricia; Tenorio, Fredy; Ulloa, Mauricio; Pesántez, Mercedes; Morales Sanmartín, Jaime Rodrigo
Análisis acústico de la voz de estudiantes de la Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Cuenca 2016
(2017) Molina Paltín, Diego Alejandro; Vargas Landívar, Jaime David; Ortega Mosquera, Paola Gabriela; Aguirre Cornejo, Roberto Paulino
Background: The voice as the main communication method of human beings should be studied through an objective assessment of its acoustic properties for a precise diagnostic that approaches in an optimal treatment, so that the patient will be rehabilitated. In Cuenca, the population voice acoustic parameters are unknown for that reason raises the need to develop a study to learn their values. Objective: Execute the voice acoustic assessment of students of University of Cuenca, Faculty of Medical Science, School of Medical Technology in 2016. Methodology: This research has a descriptive style with transversal view. Anagraf computer application is used to develop the statistical analysis of the objective voice parameter in real time. Data was compiled in forms and processed in SPSS v.15 form IBM with range, mean and standard deviation and represented it by charts. Results: 136 young healthy students between 18 to 27 years old, 23 men and 113 women were processed. The vowels /a/ and /u/ were recorded and analyzed with Anagraf giving the values of fundamental frequency, formants (F1, F2), Energy, Harmonic to Noise Ratio, Jitter, Shimmer. Range, mean and standard deviation were obtained with the following acoustic parameters values: for the /a/ vowel for men are F0: 137Hz; F1: 126Hz.; F2: 1279Hz.; Energy: 36dB; HNR: 5,02dB; Jitter: 1,07%; Shimmer: 0,38%. And women values are F0: 239Hz.; F1: 319Hz.; F2:1509 Hz.; Energy: 29dB; HNR: 6,69dB; Jitter: 1,18%; Shimmer: 0,51%. For the /u/ vowel for men are F0: 142Hz.; F1: 316Hz.; F2: 1906Hz.; Energy: 37dB; HNR: 6,26dB; Jitter: 1,17%; Shimmer: 0,45%. And women values are F0: 248Hz.; F1: 309Hz.; F2: 1091Hz.; Energy: 31dB; HNR: 6,68dB; Jitter: 1,19%; Shimmer: 0,45%
Análisis acústico de la voz en docentes de la Unidad Educativa Técnico Salesiano de la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo septiembre 2023 febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-08) Macías Yépez, Keli Eunises; Rodas Molina, María Belén
The voice is a fundamental tool for communication. When performing an acoustic voice analysis, alterations of the voice can indicate the existence of potential dysphonia, which can have an impact on professionals such as teachers. In addition, there are risk factors like age, sex, overuse of the voice, and lack of voice care. To determine perturbation measures of the Salesian Technical School -Carlos Crespi campus- teachers’voice in the city of Cuenca, September 2023-February 2024. The method is Descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study. Universe: 81 teachers. Questionnaire Vocal health in teachers was applied and the Speech Analysis in Phonetics (PRAAT) software was used to carry out an acoustic analysis of the voice. Variables were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 software. 92.8% of the participants reported alterations the perturbation measures of their voices. 30.4% of women and 23% of men take harmful substances like alcohol and cigarettes. 24.6% of women and 30.4% of men cope with tense situations like stress. 26% of men and women do not comply with the 2-liter water intake per day. In conclusion the teachers are prone to vocal problems and females are more likely to suffer from them due to an excessive use of their voice
Análisis acústico de la voz en docentes jubilados de la Unión Nacional de Educadores – Núcleo del Azuay, 2024 - 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-11) Pinos Neira, Freddy Paul; Alcalá Aristimuño, Yralis Juanita
This descriptive quantitative study focused on the evaluation of the voice of retired teachers: individuals vulnerable to vocal pathologies due to factors associated with age and their profession. With 60 participants from the National Union of Teachers in Azuay, population characteristics and levels of acoustic disturbance in the voice were analyzed using Praat software. 65% were males and 35% were females; most of them aged 60-74 years old with a teaching career of 30 to 39 years. The findings showed that, although 96.7% did not use harmful substances, 63.3% ate acidic foods and 51.7% did not hydrate properly, 85% were not exposed to harmful environmental factors or faced adverse emotional situations, but 33.3% perceived vocal difficulties and did not seek treatment. The acoustic analysis showed significant alterations in the Shimmer values in 66.6% of the cases. Results show the prevalence of vocal alterations in this population, related to unhealthy habits and lack of awareness about the importance of vocal care. Therefore, it is essential to implement preventive and awareness-raising strategies to improve vocal health in retired teachers, even though there is currently limited research on this subject in this age group.
Análisis acústico de la voz en los docentes de la Unidad Educativa Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón, ciudad de Cuenca septiembre 2023-febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Córdova Jaramillo, Priscila Cecibel; Loarte Abad, Anna Cristina; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: The main mechanism of human interrelation is the voice, for teachers, their voice is the instrument they use to work. However, as they perform their duties, they know very little about how to care of their voice. Therefore, to analyze the vocal parameters of the acoustic signal of this age group, the Praat program was applied. Objective: To determine the acoustic parameters of the voice of teachers at Manuela Garaicoa de Calderon School in the city of Cuenca, September 2023-February 2024. Methodology: Descriptive and cross- sectional study to determine the acoustic parameters of the voice of teachers at Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón School. The Praat program was used to obtain the acoustic parameters of the voice. Results were obtained through data analysis using SPSS v29. Results: The sample was 81 teachers, of which females predominated (70.4%). Age range was 36-45 years (28.4%). Years of teachingwork:11-15 years predominated (19.8%), followed by 6-10 (18.5%) and 25-30 years (18.5%) Finally, the educational stage that predominated was secondary education (46.9%) The Praat program reported that the most normal parameter was HNR (92.6%) and the most altered was Shimmer (69.1%) Conclusion: Shimmer was the most affected acoustic parameter in the teacher population
Análisis de las características vocales en entrenadores de escuelas privadas de fútbol en Cuenca, septiembre 2024 a enero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-21) Guerra Verdugo, Johmayra Samantha; Segarra Brito, Daniela Estefanía; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
The voice is an essential tool for the soccer coach, as it is a key means of communication. Incorrect use of tone and intensity during training and competitions can affect its functioning, which generates vocal problems that affect communication and therefore job performance. Objective: To determine the vocal characteristics in coaches of private soccer schools. Cuenca, 2024 - 2025. Methodology: the sample consisted of 50 soccer coaches from private schools in Cuenca, a questionnaire was applied in order to know the coaches' voice history (Annex 3), and phonoaudiological tests: Voice Handicap Index (Annex 4), in addition, the PRAAT program. Results: descriptive study carried out with 50 soccer coaches from private schools in the city of Cuenca, obtaining a 99% male dominance, the average age of the population is between 20 and 30 years old. Through the use of subjective and objective evaluations of the voice, in which it was observed that there is a higher prevalence of mild vocal alteration (72%) in the physical level (70%) in the VHI, in the PRAAT program nonpathological results were obtained in shimmer (60%) and jitter (56%). Conclusion: the results of the present study allowed us to determine the acoustic characteristics such as Jitter Shimmer and fundamental frequency of the population group studied, which served as a pillar for the formulation and use of strategies for a more efficient and effective treatment of the VHI.
Análisis del funcionamiento vocal en los entrenadores de la Federación Deportiva del Azuay de la ciudad de Cuenca, período agosto 2022 - febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-21) Angamarca Caldas, Daniel Enrique; Berrezueta Rodriguez, Edwin Santiago; Vélez Arias, Luis Antonio
The sports coaches` voice is an essential tool for them. It is an important means for communication. An inappropriate use of tone and intensity during training and competitions might cause a malfunction of it. Sport coaches might even be affected by dysphonia. Objective: To analyze the vocal function of the coaches of Azuay Sports Federation in the city of Cuenca during August 2022 – February 2023. Methodology: A study of vocal cord dysfunction of FDA coaches was carried out. A form and an application featuring subjective and objective voice quality tests were used. The results were analyzed using the SPSS STATISTICS program, free version 15.0. Results: This is a descriptive study carried out on fifty-one FDA sports coaches: the male gender showed a higher percentage (68.6 %) in the 20-to-40 age range, which represents 62.7% of the sample. Using subjective and objective speech and hearing therapy batteries, it was detected that there is a higher prevalence of mild vocal alteration of 72.5% in the VHI and 58.8% in the GRBASI scale, and 88.2% of dysphonia according to the Praat program. The coaches with the greatest voice impairment represent 49 % of the sample. Conclusion: Vocal minuses of Azuay sports coaches showed a higher prevalence in males, with a slight voice alteration in field disciplines. Expected results: Vocal cord dysfunction in Azuay sports coaches.
Autopercepción vocal de los docentes de la Unidad Educativa Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Cuenca. Periodo 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Sinche Solis, Fernanda Nathaly; Rodas Amaya, Josué Ismael; García Lima, Jorge Bolívar
Background: The human voice is an essential instrument in the professional life of teachers, musicians, singers and announcers, and also performs respiratory and digestive functions. Teachers are at higher risk of vocal problems like nodules, polyps, Reinke’s edema, or laryngeal whiplash, which may affect their professional performance. The Voice handicap Index (VHI) is an assessment tool used to measure the impact of voice problems on an individual’s quality of life. It is a questionnaire assessing emotional, functional, and physical aspect related to the human voice. General objective: To determine the vocal self-perception of teachers of Estados Unidos de America School (Cuenca), using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) in 2024-2025. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, featuring 58 participants. A data collection questionnaire and the VHI test were used. Data analysis and tabulation was performed using IBM SPSS 29. Results: Thirty-six of 58 participants were females and 22 were males. On the other hand, teachers working eight hours a day reported more vocal problems. Vocal alteration was more common in individuals aged 31 to 40 years. Conclusions: Mild vocal alterations predominate, affecting the physical dimension mainly.
Autopercepción vocal en docentes de unidades educativas públicas de la ciudad de Cuenca en el periodo 2023-2024
(2024-04-10) Lazo Alvarez, Evelyn Fernanda; Ordoñez Quito, Nube del Rocío; Ortega Mosquera, Paola Gabriela
Background: The voice is the sound that is produced through the vibration of the vocal cords, being an essential means to practice several professions, such as teaching. However, its misuse or vocal abuse can have consequences within the functional, physical, and emotional areas, so it is important to self-evaluate it to know its impact on the quality of life. General Objective: Determine vocal self-perception in teachers of public educational units in the city of Cuenca in the period 2023 – 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out where vocal selfperception was determined. The sample was made up of 80 teachers from the public educational units of Cuenca. Informed consent, a data collection form, and the Voice Handicap Index test (VHI-30) were used. Subsequently, the data obtained were analyzed by the SPSS program, version 22. Results: Of the 80 teachers, 45 were female and 35 were male. A higher occurrence of vocal disability was found in females, with mild vocal disability predominating. According to the number of working hours per day, there is a greater prevalence of vocal disability in teachers who work 8 hours a day. On the other hand, considering age, those between 36 and 45 years old represent the highest number with vocal disability. Conclusions: There is a higher percentage of predominant mild vocal alteration in the female sex, finding greater alteration on the physical scale.
Campo de acción del terapista del lenguaje en la ciudad de Cuenca 2002-2003
(2003) Bojorque Bojorque, Diana de Lourdes; Zúñiga Pacheco, Marlene; Pacheco Encalada, Vicenta; Buestán Chavez, Lira; Ipiales Montesdeoca, Jorge Ramiro; Campoverde Arévalo, Nicolás Luciano
Características acústicas de la voz en adultos mayores jubilados IESS - Cuenca, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Angamarca Caldas, Flor del Rocio; Quilambaqui Iñiguez, Ligma Irene; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
The human voice is an essential tool for communication as it transmits emotions and opinions. In older adults, this ability deteriorates due to physiological aging. Objective: To determine the acoustic characteristics of the voice in IESS retires older adults in Cuenca in 2024-2025. Methodology: The universe comprised 165 patients. The collection of the acoustic characteristics of the voice was made through a structured survey, which included demographic variables (age, sex, residence, marital status, work/occupation) and independent variables (vocal habits and concomitant diseases). Likewise, the following speech-language pathology batteries were used: Perceptual voice scale (GRBAS), Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and speech analysis in phonetics (PRAAT). Result: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Results reported 47.3% older adults with vocal alteration 52.7% older adults without vocal alteration; this alteration was more common in females (67.9%).
Características de las áreas del neurodesarrollo a partir de la aplicación del modelo Denver de atención temprana en niños con trastorno del espectro autista, de 1 a 5 años, del Centro de Diagnóstico e Intervención “Desafíos” en el año 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-20) Blacio Loaiza, Narcisa Katherine; Guerra de la Torre, Orivelsys
Abstract: The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly characterized by a partial or total lack of the child’s communication and social skills, directly affecting their socio-educational integration in some cases, as well as their learning skills, with a consequent limitation on standard and emotional affective practices. Overall objective: Describing the characteristics of the neurodevelopmental areas starting with the application of the Early Start Denver Model on children with autism spectrum disorder between 1 and 5 years old from the “Desafíos” Diagnostic and Intervention Center in the year 2020. Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive research was developed based on information from 43 cases of children with ASD. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, origin, ASD diagnosis, and neurodevelopmental areas, applying a percentage distribution and its relation through a Chi-squared test. Data collection was conducted through a registration form and the curriculum checklist from the ESDM and processed on Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS 28.0. Results: The age distribution (in months) resulted in: 48.84% ages 37 to 48; 25.58% ages 25 to 36 years old; 20.93% ages 49 to 60 and 4.65% ages 12 to 24. 67.44% were boys and 32.56% were girls (2:1). The 90.70% lived in Azuay. The highest incidence was grade 2 ASD with 46.51%; grade 3 with 30,23% and grade 1 with 23.26%. The 18 to 24 months development level prevailed in expressive communication (34.88%), social skills (37.21%), and adaptive behavior (39.53%). The 24 to 36 months prevailed in receptive communication (41.86%), cognition (41,86%), playing abilities (37.21%), and fine and gross motor skills (39.53%). The relationship between the development level and ASD severity was determined as (p< 0,001 y p= 0,002.) Conclusion: The development of neurological dimensions in children with ASD is strongly related to the severity of the diagnosed ASD, showing a higher influence on communication and social skills, adaptative behavior, and personal independence thus, being the most affected areas.
Caracterización de los posibles factores de riesgo asociados a la hipoacusia en pacientes que acudieron al centro auditivo GAES Azogues julio 2018-diciembre 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-30) Juca Córdova, Jessica Paola; Salazar Neira, Karen Michelle; Guerra de la Torre, Orivelsys
Background: Hearing loss is the dysfunction on the hearing ability which occurs in different levels of intensity, extensions, and topography. Pure-tone audiometry has been used to measure hearing loss impairment. Some of the risk factors prevailing in patients with hearing loss are, among others, age, sex, occupation, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and noise exposure. It is important to study risk factors influencing hearing loss in order to prevent them. Objective: To characterize potential risk factors associated with hearing loss in patients who attended the GAES Azogues Hearing Center from July 2018 to December 2020. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in order to analyze the medical records and audiometry test results of 172 patients who underwent attended the GAES Azogues Hearing Center from July 2018 to December 2020. Information was recorder in a data collection form and the results were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 27 Microsoft Excel. Results: The presence of sensorineural hearing loss with recorded by 85,5%, with prevalence in male patients by 59.9%, those over 65 years of age by 57%, as well as a moderate degree by 61%, and bilateral extension by 89,5%. The most prevailing risk factors associated with hearing loss are arterial hypertension, by 87.5%, and noise exposure, by 86.7%. These show the presence of sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: The risk factor with the highest percentage is the cardiovascular disease known as arterial hypertension. The audiometry tests results show predominance of hearing loss of the sensorineural type, featuring moderate degree and bilateral extension. It is relevant in men over 65 years of age.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas del cuidado auditivo en trabajadores del sector automotriz, parroquia Totoracocha, Cuenca 2018
(2018) Concha González, Magali Alexandra; Sanmartín Chiriboga, María José; Palacios Coello, Ruth Fabiola
Backgrounds: Totoracocha neighborhood although being residential has a great amount of industrial business; this meaning is constant high exposure to industrial noise. Having in mind that one of the primary production sources is the lightweight mechanic area and the risk factors are which it’s exposed it’s q must to considerate the importance of the development of this investigation project in this population. Objectives: Determine the knowledge, attitudes and practice of hearing care in the workers of the automotive mechanics in the Totoracocha neighborhood, Cuenca 2017-2018. Methodology: The actual investigation has been developed using surveys, these were directed to 128 businesses inside the automotive mechanics area of the Totoracocha neighborhood, with a total of 256 workers participating in the surveys which agreed to be part of the project. Once the information was obtained, the surveys were analyzed creating a database in excel 2010 and later to the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics V.18 gathering from both the databases for the further analysis. Results: The predominant sex on the population that works in the automotive mechanics area were male with a percentage of 93,5% with an average age range between 18 and 28 years (34.8%) and in its majority with second level degree (50.8%). The 58.3% of the population used for the research don’t have the right knowledge, attitudes and practices towards hearing care, and this is why the 97.7% of the survey participants consider that’s necessary to spread a campaign about hearing health with the eagerness to make aware to the entire community.
Cualidades vocales de los locutores del Círculo de Periodistas Deportivos del Azuay, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-12) Narváez Márquez, Jessica Cecibel; Ordóñez Arévalo, Daysi Valeria; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: The voice is an essential tool for the performance of announcers, since they use it for entertainment, narration, and advertising. Therefore, they have to face a high vocal demand for long time, and thus they are considered a target group that requires subjective and objective speech therapy evaluation. Objectives: To determine the vocal qualities of the announcers of the Sports Journalists' Association of Azuay, 2024-2025. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Sample: The universe comprised 65 announcers from the Sports Journalists Association of Azuay, in which a systematized (closed) survey and objective and subjective evaluation instruments were implemented. Data was tabulated using IBM SPSS 22. Results: Most of the 65 announcers were males (93.85%) and the most common age range was 46 to 55 years, which represented 40% of the sample. With the use of VHI speech and language therapy, the highest prevalence was mild (97%); GRBAS: most participants showed mild alterations in sections grade 69.23%; hoarseness, 58.46%; asthenia, 47.70%, and breathy voice, 60% in tense voice. 80% did not change, while 20% showed mild affectation. Pratt: abnormalities were identified, mainly in HNR (80%), followed by Jitter (43.08%), Shimmer (38.46%), NHR (32.31%), and fundamental frequency (13.85%). Conclusion: Research showed higher prevalence of voice misuse in male coaches and mild alteration in the vocal qualities of sports announcers. Expected results: Vocal cord dysfunction in the Sports Journalists' Association of Azuay.
Desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica en escolares de 5 a 7 años en la Escuela de Educación Básica Zoila Aurora Palacios Cuenca 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-11-04) Neira Encalada, Hilda Patricia; Ortega Mosquera, Paola Gabriela
Phonological awareness is a metaphorological ability that refers to the ability to identify the sounds that make up speech, allows to know and use the phonemes that constitute a word. Deficit in phonological awareness skills causes difficulties in literacy learning in the school stage. General objective: To determine the development of Phonological Awareness in schoolchildren from 5 to 7 years at the Zoila Aurora Palacios Cuenca 2020 School of Basic Education. Methodology: The PECFO Phonological Awareness Assessment Test was applied, the scores were recorded in the general test registration protocol, the results were interpreted using the test standards, obtained the information was recorded on the Form, tabulating with the program SPSS Statistics V. 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: 54.0% were women and 46.0% were men. Depending on the age, they had 7 to 7 years 11 months with 51.6%, depending on the year of basic education, most belonged to 3rd basic with 38.7%. In silabic consciousness a normal result of 73.4% was obtained, while 8.9% had deficits. In fonémic awareness, 66.2% achieved a normal result and 16.1% deficit. Conclusion: It was determined that 69.4% of children mostly have a development of normal phonological awareness, however there is a representative percentage of 16.9% that is at risk and a minimum percentage of 13.7% have deficit.

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