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Actualización de la seroepidemiología de toxoplasma gondii en gatos de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2016) Bojorque Pazmiño, Marcia Priscila; Vallecillo Maza, Antonio Javier
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan disease which pathological agent is a protozoon kwon as toxoplasma gondii, responsible of a variety of clinic signology, morbility and mortality in the different animal species it infects. It is intimately related with the acquisition and possession of domestic cats, also considered synonymous of miscarriage and pregnancy difficulties in the pregnant woman, placing it under the scrutiny of public health programs. On 1994 in Cuenca city a study was made for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in felines, resulting in 44.5% of positive cats. Over time cats have became the ideal mascot due to their space, behavior and feeding characteristics. Even more for a population that is increasing every day and prefers because of its life style easy care animals. On the basis of the said before and on the significant development on the veterinarian professional area dedicated to minor species, we decide to carry out an investigative project which main objective is the actualization of data related to toxoplasma gondii and cats in the city. The lab test used for this investigation differs from the previous essay, blood samples obtained from cats where analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence method because of its specificity and sensitivity. Results found will allow us to have an updated vision of the serum prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Data obtain on this investigation are minor to the ones obtain two decades ago, due to the increase of awareness acquired on handling, feeding and hygiene by the owners of feline pets which is determining for the development of the disease, also a bigger influx to veterinary centers for before and after information of a recent acquisition or adoption of a cat.
La agroecología y el cambio de matriz productiva agraria en el Ecuador: el caso de la producción de maíz en la provincia de Loja
(2019) Torres Orellana, María Eugenia; Minga Ochoa, Nancy Marlene
In Ecuador there are two matrices productive for the agrarian field, which are disputed more clearly in the peasantry, the conventional and Agroecological Agriculture; In 2013 with the promulgation of Change of the Productive Matrix was officially initiated the intensification of capitalism in the countryside in the name of rural modernization; So it was necessary with this research to investigate the results of agroecology and public policy in terms of sustainability, this involves criteria of identity and satisfaction on the part of farmers. Due to the complexity of the research, a case study was taken as reference in the analysis of the agroecosystems, the crops of hard corn as a product of link and dispute with the capital; In addition, the methodological tools were adopted: Economic-Ecological Evaluation of Agroecosystems (AS-TPA, 2015); the integrated multi-scale analysis of the metabolism of society and ecosystems MuSIASEM (Giampietro, Mayumi, & Ramos); in-depth interviews; and action research as a cross-cutting practice. It was observed with this from the local level, that the conventional matrix supported by the State consolidates bases for the development of the agroindustry, assembling an apparent territorial progress; Their ecological and cultural profit and aggression; While agroecology promotes the organization and sustainability of the territory under unfavorable conditions
Ajuste del tiempo de inseminación con semen sexado en vacas superovuladas
(2016) Argudo Garzón, Daniel Ernesto; Soria Parra, Carlos Alonso
The results of the combination of sex-sorted sperm and superovulation (SOV) have not been very encouraging so far, due to the low quantity of sperms as well as their short life. In a previous study conducted in Brazil in Holstein cows, it was shown that using the protocol of SOV P36/Lh60 and inseminating with sex-sorted sperm at the 18 and 30 hours of application of the inductor of the ovulation (interval of 12 hs between the two inseminations) it is obtained an equal quantity of transferable structures than inseminating at the 12 and 24 hours with non-sorted sperm. The aim of this investigation was to adjust the hours of the artificial insemination (AI) in superovulated and inseminated cows with sex-sorted sperm to achieve better synchrony with ovulations, so in this way to increase the quantity of transferable embryos. This adjustment evaluated 2 moments of AI in which the interval diminished to 6 hs. For this, 30 superovulated lactating Holstein cows were used with the protocol P36/LH60 and were divided in three groups in an aleatory form; in the group IA18/30 (control group; n=10) the inseminations were carried out at the 18 and 30 hs of application of the inductor of the ovulation (GnRh); in the group IA18/24(n=10) was inseminated at the 18 and 24 hs of the GnRH and the group IA24/30(n=10) was inseminated at the 24 and 30 hs (it was used 2.1 x 106 sex-sorted sperm/insemination). It was not found statistical difference in the three groups; however, the group IA18/24 showed numeric advantage over the group IA24/30 and the Control (4,1±1,5 vs 1,3±0,4 and 1,9±0,6 respectively) in the quantity of transferable embryos, concluding that this adjustment in the hours of AI with sexed semen in superovulated lactating Holstein cows can be used with similar results to the previous works
Análisis de la Gestión Institucional de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias en el periodo 1997-2007
(2011) Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine; Sarango Pareja, David
Análisis del nivel de lactato plasmático y su relación con el pronóstico en pacientes caninos críticos evaluados con el Score APACHE en el Hospital Veterinario All Pets de Quito
(2017) Villagrán Garcés, Tania Elizabeth; Mena Pérez, Renán Patricio
In recent years Veterinary Medicine has taken a significant turn in regard to the evaluation and management of critical patients, this is why the present document focuses on the analysis of mortality indicators, such as the evaluation of the level of plasma lactate, clearance of the same and score APACHE II. A total of 26 critical dogs were sampled, sample population was selected at random, regardless of race, age, sex or pathology, and the patients included in the study were all patients at the All Pets Veterinary Hospital of Quito, with a time range of six months. Upon admission to the hospital, they underwent an initial clinical examination and monitoring of physiological constants. Blood samples were taken, which would serve to classify patients according to the APACHE Score and for the assessment of plasma lactate of T0, T6, and T12 at the time of patient admission to determine the lactate clearance. The results obtained, it is observed that there is a correlation between Score APACHE II and the level of lactate plasma, there is not a relation in all the pathologies. The digestive alterations were the ones that displayed a higher correlation with respect to a high value of Score APACHE II, with an average value of 22 and 23 points and a high level of lactate, with an average value of 9.5 y 12 mmol/L respectively. 100% of the patients had a decrease in the plasma lactate value in the second sample, which is related to adequate medical therapy, the geriatric patients had a higher mortality rate.
Análisis multitemporal del uso del suelo de la microcuenca del Río Chacapata-Patococha, en base a fotografías aéreas de los años 1989 y 2000
(2013) Morocho Tenezaca, Marco Vinicio; Delgado Inga, Víctor Omar
The watershed of the river Chacapata located in the parishes Cañar, Chorocopte and Gualleturo, which belong to the canton and province of Cañar. The aim of the study was to conduct a multitemporal analysis of land use in the watershed Chacapata - Patococha in order to establish alternative arrangements for the defense and protection of water sources The analysis of changes in land use were made in the Geographic Information System (GIS ), using aerial photographs of the study area, determining that there are changes in the decline of desert between 1989 and 2000, and an increase of areas with shrubby vegetation
Caracterización de fracturas del esqueleto apendicular en perros según la clasificación AO entre los años 2015 al 2018
(2020-01-06) Mora Tola, Miguel Andrés; Carpio Alemán, Fredi Marco
Fractures are perhaps the most frequent lesions found in the musculoskeletal system of dogs, which is why it is vital to make an adequate interpretation of the type of fracture, which is done through an appropriate radiographic study, and to make the correct decision regarding the treatment. This important note leads us to systematize the fractures based on the AO classification, which will allow us to manage the appropriate terms required for standardization. Since there are no studies on the characterization of fractures of the appendicular skeleton of dogs in the city of Cuenca, this research intends to fill this gap, for which 383 digital radiographic studies of dogs, provided by 3 Veterinary Clinics of the city of Basin that have a digital radiology service, which presented fractures in the appendicular skeleton (Humerus, Radius/Ulna, Femur and Tibia/Fibula), and were characterized according to the AO classification. The variables used were fractured bone versus race, age, sex and strain; these data being analyzed with the SPSS statistical program, with a 95% confidence interval. This thesis is composed of an introduction, objectives, followed by the review of literature, methodology, presentation of results, discussion, conclusions and recommendations. In accordance with what was obtained, results showed that the Femur was the most fractured bone; in relation to the other variables, mixed race, male sex, age range from > 1 to 3 years, and high strain prevail. It was concluded that in the practice of medicine and surgery in dogs, there will be mostly fractures in Femur with high strain, so it is important that veterinarians know how to properly classify a fracture guided by the AO classification and perform effective treatments for the most frequent types of fractures found in the city of Cuenca.
Caracterización e identificación de razas de maíz en la provincia del Azuay
(2015) Valverde Vanegas, Marilú; Tapia Bastidas, César
Caracterización, identificación y evaluación de microorganismos autóctonos biorremediadores de suelos contaminados por agroquímicos en la provincia de Loja
(2017) Abad Guarnizo, Yuri Elizabeth; Torres Gutiérrez, Roldan
Despite the importance of conducting research to demonstrate the harmfulness of agrochemicals into the agro-ecosystems, studies based on the mitigation of these damages, especially through diagnostic and bioremediation methods, are very scarce in Ecuador. A socio-environmental diagnosis was made in the Pindal canton, to know the causes and consequences of contamination by agrochemicals. Once the toxicity levels were known, autochthonous microorganisms were isolated from the contaminated soils, which were characterized morph-culturally and genetically way. Gene sequencing and bio-informatics analysis were performed by the US company Sequencing Lab Macrogen Corp. Totally randomized experiments were designed under laboratory conditions to evaluate the bioremediation potential of microbial isolates by bio-absorption methods to degrade xenobiotic substances from agrochemicals. Eight categories of fungus, with bioremediation potential, were identified in conventional corn producing areas in the Pindal canton (Loja): Penicillium, Mucor, Scytalidium, Aspergillus, Neosartorya, Eurotiomycetes, Talaromyces and Fusarium. In the case of: Mucor circinelloides F., it constitutes the one with a greater capacity of adaptability and absorption for glyphosate in dosages of 5g / l and 1g / l. While, Penicillium chrysogenum and Uncultured Aspergillus, are those for greater capacity of absorption for cipermetrina; in the case of Bacteria: rectangular bacilli positive gram, had a growth of 59% greater than in doses of 1g / l; 61% in 5g / l and 55% in 15gr / l. While in a liquid medium with cipermertrina, Micrococo grand positive, shows higher growth in dosages of 2 g / l and 1 g / l.
Comparación de dos protocolos anestésicos utilizados para ovariohisterectomía en perras y su impacto en la función renal mediante análisis sanguíneos y urianálisis
(2018) Idrovo Ortíz, Jenny Zoraida; Méndez Álvarez, María Silvana
The objective of this research was to compare two anesthetic protocols used for ovariohysterectomy in bitches and their impact on renal function by blood analysis and urinalysis. Forty females were used, apparently healthy, without distinction of breed and distributed randomly to receive two anesthetic protocols during surgery (n = 20 patients per protocol). At 72 hours, post-surgery blood samples were obtained to evaluate protein, urea and creatinine; also, a urine sample was collected by ultrasound-guided cystocentesis for measuring specific gravity thereof. A completely randomized design (DCA) was used with the two anesthetic protocols (conventional and alternative) considered as treatments (T1 and T2) and twenty repetitions of each. The data obtained were systematized in Excel and analyzed with the statistical software SPSS version 23 ®. Outcome variables were urea, creatinine, serum protein and urine density, which were analyzed for normality (Shapiro Wilk test, P> 0.05) and homogeneity of variance (Levene test, P>0, 05). Finally, one factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) as parametric analysis, and the "Mann Whitney U" test as non-parametric analysis we applied, depending on the normality and homogeneity of variances. All tests were analyzed with 5% significance. It was established that the variable at time 0 (before surgery) most of them fulfilled the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance (test Shapiro Wilk, P> 0.05, Levene test, P> 0.05). When comparing protocols with respect to renal function parameters, there was no significant difference between them (P> 0.05). At 72 hours after surgery, a greater variability of the results in almost all variables (Levene test, P<0.05) was evidenced by parametric and non-parametric tests, which resulted in an increase in the standard error (EE) of serum protein and urine density. In conclusion, it was evidenced that there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in the averages of each variable under study between the two anesthetic protocols.
Comparación de dos técnicas quirúrgicas para la reposición de la glándula nictitante prolapsada en pacientes caninos, evaluadas por el test de Schirmer I
(2017) Cáceres Orellana, Marco Vinicio; Once Viri, Paúl Fernando
The ophthalmological problems in dogs are of high incidence in the veterinary consultation, among them the prolapse of the nictitante gland, being the surgical treatment the choice for the replacement of the latter, 2 widely used surgical techniques are used, without having references of statistical data current in Ecuador on the production of pre and post-surgical tear, the research aims to compare which of these two surgical techniques, present the least damage in the production of post-surgical tear, since the nictitant gland contributes with a 30 -40% of the amount of tear in the eye, and in the case of an excision treatment, the patient may suffer from dry keratoconjunctivitis(QCS), the evaluation was performed by means of the Schirmer I test, which quantifies the production of pre- and post-surgical tears at 8 and 15 days, where at the end of the inves we value which of the two surgical techniques leave the smallest sequel in tear production. For this purpose, a population sample of 40 dogs with prolapse of the nictitantgland were divided into 2 groups of 20 dogs each one of the first group were applied the technique of Kaswan 1994 and those of the second group the technique of Morgan 1994 in this investigation was counted on the collaboration of veterinary clinics in the province of Azuay in the cantons Cuenca, Paute and Gualaceo, performing the technique used in their respective establishments, with the result that P <0.05, determining that the techniques do not have significant difference, in terms of tear production in post-surgical readings. Leaving the veterinary community a statistic so that it can be compared in the daily life of the veterinarian dedicated to the care of dogs.
Comparación de la efectividad quirúrgica y posquirúrgica de tres técnicas de orquiectomía canina utilizadas en campañas de esterilización masiva en Cuenca
(2018) Dután Llivisupa, Jennifer Priscila; Taboada Pico, Juan Wualverto
In the present study, 36 male dogs were evaluated, intervened through the massive sterilization project carried out by the University of Cuenca in agreement with the Municipal Autonomous Decentralized Government of the canton of Cuenca. Twelve animals were analyzed by surgical technique and 3 techniques were evaluated: Technique A pre-scrotal orchiectomy, Technique B, traditional scrotal orchiectomy and Technique C, modified scrotal orchiectomy. In the intra-surgical period, the following were taken into account: total times of each technique, amount of blood in the surgical time, surgical costs / kg / dog; in the postoperative period, the following were evaluated: degree of existing pain, recovery in terms of healing, presence of infections, dehiscence of points, loss of weight of the animal, existence of deaths and application of prescription and indications by the owners. These data were obtained on days 2, 8 and 15 after surgery, with them it was determined that there are significant differences between treatments only in the time between techniques in which the mean was 5.46 ± 0.23; 3.18 ± 0.419; 2.25 ± 0.210 minutes, for techniques A, B and C respectively. In the amount of bleeding, an average of 0.56 ± 0.076 was obtained; 0.67 ± 0.098; 0.52 ± 0.102 grams, for each technique, in terms of costs, the means obtained were 19.67 ± 0.874; 19.60 ± 0.932; 18.27 ± 0.833 dollars. In the postoperative evaluation, the most convenient technique considering lower pain, minor complications and better healing turned out to be technique A.
Comparación de la eficacia terapéutica con Tetraciclina (Doxiciclina) y Diamidina (Dipropionato de Imidocarb) contra Ehrlichia canis en perros (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-14) Flores Blacio, Marco Vinicio; Guerrero López, Ana Elizabeth
Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) is a Rickettsia responsible for canine ehrlichiosis, which is caused by the bite of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick, affecting mononuclear cells and reaching other organs, where they multiply. Its treatment is complex and prolonged, using antibiotics (Doxycycline) or Diamidine (Imidocarb Dipropionate) for 28 days, but most of the time it is not fulfilled. The objective was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of Tetracycline (Doxycycline) and Diamidine (Imidocarb Dipropionate) against E. canis at 30, 45 and 60 days post-treatment in 40 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), divided into 2 groups of 20 dogs for each one, being the first treated only with Doxycycline (10 mg/Kg/daily) and the second with Doxycycline (10 mg/Kg/daily) + Imidocarb Dipropionate (6.67 mg/Kg) applying 2 doses 15 days apart. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a non-significant statistical relationship (p>0.05) was obtained when comparing both treatments. But both therapeutic plans were effective in eliminating this microorganism in the analyzed dogs, with only one patient (3%) continuing to test positive even after 30 days of treatment, which belongs to the first group (Doxycycline). In conclusion, both treatments are highly effective in counteracting systemic infection caused by Ehrlichia canis, but in order to guarantee this fact, it is advisable to use both treatments simultaneously.
Comparación del tratamiento de heridas abiertas en piel en base a Triticum vulgare y Óxido de zinc en perros (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-02-15) Espinosa Carrión, Andrea Viviana; Rosales Jaramillo, Cornelio Alejandro
In the daily routine of the veterinary clinic there is a high incidence of attention to animals affected by injuries in the skin. Most of these open wounds are sutured, but sometimes for different reasons the sutures break; in other cases there are wounds that cannot be sutured at first and alternative treatments are needed to heal. There are few natural topical alternatives that have a quick and inexpensive result in treating wounds; In human medicine the extract of Triticum vulgare (ETV) is used where the wheat seed germinates in particular conditions of suffering, temperature below 4°C and absolute darkness from which its extract is obtained; there are few studies showing positive results with ETV application in animals. The objective of this study was to compare the healing time of open wounds in dogs, treated with Triticum vulgare extract cream and Zinc Oxide cream. A total of 21 patients with open wounds were evaluated, divided into 3 groups of 7 patients for each of the treatments: T0 or Control, T1-Zinc Oxide, T2-Tritucum vulgare. The wounds were recorded according to Kundin's method, and Byung Joo's method was used for their description. Descriptive statistics, Chi Square, ANOVA and, where necessary, Duncan's test of significance were used for statistical analysis. The results obtained on day 5 of application showed a reduction of the wound comparing to the initial values, where Zinc Oxide (T1.-OZ) reduced 57% of the total wound, this reduction value is greater than ETV (T2.-ETV) and statistically similar to the Control (T0.-Control). From day 10 these values are standardized and gradually reduced in the same way in all treatments until day 15. There is no statistically significant difference between the treatments used and the percentage of wound closure on days 10 and 15 behaving in the same way. different shape only on day 5. Visually the treatments show different behaviors within the healing process, although all of them are efficient at the end of the process.
La concentración de betahidroxibutirato (BHB) sanguíneo como predictor de la ciclicidad y el anestro de vacas lecheras posparto, en pastoreo
(2017) Lema Guamán, Víctor Manuel; Maldonado Rivera, Jaime Eduardo
The project was carried out at “LA Esmeralda” farm of the Biblián city, Cañar province. The aim of this research was to establish if is possible to use the blood concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) of dairy cows as a predictor of postpartum ovarian activity (cyclicity and anestrus). We used 40 cows in transition period, clinically healthy, with similar condition of handling and feeding. BHB measurement was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 pospartum days (DPP). Ovarian activity was assessed by ultrasonography at 21, 28 and 35 DPP. Statistics assay was performed using Chi-squarer test, correlation coefficient of Kendall’s Tau_b and the ROC curve. The result showed that there is not dependence between the type of anestrus and BHB’s concentration, however the highest concentration of this metabolite were found in type III and IV anestrus. We concluded that the concentration of BHB has low predictive power of the reproductive status of the cows as well as the type of anestrus present in the animals up to 35 DPP.
Control físico – etológico de moscas domésticas, usando tres tipos de atrayentes en tres prototipos de trampas
(2017) Villavicencio Machado, César Rafael; Larriva Coronel, Walter Iván
In livestock of cattle, milk or both, flies pose a serious problem, due to the fact that they can lessen the production due to loss of energy in the animal as they are constantly trying to swat the flies, also because this insect is a parasite transmitter some of which are important to the animal and human health as well as being the cause of milk contamination as the level of somatic cells increase and lower the quality, acidifying the milk and be a cause for the refusal to trade. An effective, ecological and affordable alternative approach in reducing the adult fly population is in need by breaking the fly's reproductive life cycle. The purpose of the study was to determine which trap (pipe, hole or funnel) was most effective to catch the flies and evaluate which lure (fish flour, vinegar, or yeast) was most effective. This investigation consisted of three (3) phases and each phase used the best treatments from the previous phase. 48 traps were created to capture the flies in the three phases of this study. The experiment took place in the stables and paddocks in Burgay-Biblian- in the Cañar province from April to December 2015. The traps captured diptera of the Calliphoridae (35.2%), Fanniidae (26.0%), Drosophilidae (22.5%), Phoridae (9.0%) and Muscidae (2.9%) families. Of these the domestic flies present in the study were: Calliphora spp. (54.7%), Fannia spp. (40.3%), Muscina spp. (4.5%) and Musca domestica L (0.5%). The most effective trap was the pipe and the best lure was 200 gr of fish flour per water liter.
Detección de estro por observación visual y el sistema de parche estrus alert en vacas charolais mestizas sincronizadas
(2013) León Cózar, Jorge Luis; Landívar Abril, Saúl
The success in any extensive raising program, requires from the qualify personnel the correct detection and identification of the different primarily and secondary signs of heat on cows. The objective of the actual study was to evaluate the efficiency of two heat detection methods, the (OV) Visual observation and (PEA) Patch Estrus alert in Mixed Charolais cows in between 51 and 60 months old, with a physical condition from 7,50 to 7,75 and open days from 66 to 68. The cows (n=60) were synchronized with two shoots of 25mg of PGFT2a, in intervals of 14 days and were assigned to two groups. To the group treated were marked with PEA in the highest part of the sacrum bone to measure the declaration grade on it. The visual detection of heat on the tested group and the treated group was done twice a day in the morning am and night pm for 30 minutes, the cows detected on heat were inseminated immediately. The percentage of global detection was 60% (36/60) resulting in a gestation percentage between the two methods of 38,3% (23/60). The interaction of the treatment comparing age, corporal condition and open days did not affect the percentage of heat detection (p>0.05) The conclusion of the study show us that the application of the method (PEA) increases de detection of heat in about 16,6% as long as the Visual Method is
Detección y caracterización fenotípica y molecular de aislados de Escherichia coli O157:H7 de origen canino (Canis lupus familiaris)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-18) Vayas Minango, Betty Lorena; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157: H7 is one of several Shiga toxin-producing serotypes that cause disease in both humans and animals, the organism likely evolved through horizontal acquisition of genes for Shiga toxins and other virulence factors . The objective was to detect and characterize phenotypically and molecularly isolates of E. coli O157: H7 of canine origin (Canis lupus familairis), starting from a bank of E. coli strains (n = 122) for the detection of serotype O157: H7 obtaining 4 positive samples, the virulence genes found in the total of the samples were eaeA 5.74% and hlyA 0.82% in the first instance, for the case of stx1 and stx2 no positive results were obtained. The investigation was deepened with the transconjugation of donor and receptor bacteria (Strain J53) by means of cultures, once the colonies were obtained, the transconjugates were carried out with each positive bacterium for E.coli O157: H7 and their respective transconjugates (n = 9); Virulence genes were evaluated in the case of eaeA 88.88%, hlyA 44.44%, and resistance genes such as: TetA 22.22%, blaTEM 77.77%, blaCTX-M 88.88% by means of the PCR technique. For the detection of the resistance profiles of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC-type beta-lactamases, the "Kirby & Bauer" disk diffusion method was performed, showing the 8 bacterial strains to be positive for both ESBL and AmpC; in addition to finding phenotypic resistance for: Cefotaxime 55%, Ciprofloxacin 33%, Enrofloxacin, 44%, Sulfamethoxazole / Trimetropim 44%, Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Erythromycin 88%. This study provides information about the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in dogs from the center of the country.
Determinaciòn de actividad viral de fiebre aftosa en bovinos de la Provincia del Azuay: estudio preliminar
(2003) Vaca Vaca, Carlos; López, Gonzalo; Lasso, Medardo
Determinación de costos de producción de forraje cultivado a campo abierto e hidroponicamente y su incidencia en el costo de la leche
(2009) Contreras Rivera, Jorge; Brito, Bolivar

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