Fonoaudiología-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/258

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Características acústicas de la voz en adultos mayores jubilados IESS - Cuenca, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Angamarca Caldas, Flor del Rocio; Quilambaqui Iñiguez, Ligma Irene; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
The human voice is an essential tool for communication as it transmits emotions and opinions. In older adults, this ability deteriorates due to physiological aging. Objective: To determine the acoustic characteristics of the voice in IESS retires older adults in Cuenca in 2024-2025. Methodology: The universe comprised 165 patients. The collection of the acoustic characteristics of the voice was made through a structured survey, which included demographic variables (age, sex, residence, marital status, work/occupation) and independent variables (vocal habits and concomitant diseases). Likewise, the following speech-language pathology batteries were used: Perceptual voice scale (GRBAS), Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and speech analysis in phonetics (PRAAT). Result: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Results reported 47.3% older adults with vocal alteration 52.7% older adults without vocal alteration; this alteration was more common in females (67.9%).
Desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de 3 a 5 años de la escuela de educación básica Manuel Guerrero periodo 2023 - 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Jara Pizarro, Karen Gissela; Paute Nivelo, Mayra Cecilia; Abril Orellana, María Verónica
Delayed language development affects the child's communicative development. Problems can be evident both in the understanding and expression of spoken language. Early detection and diagnosis of these alterations during the first years is of great importance since it allows for timely intervention on language delay and prevention of future learning problems. Determine the incidence of primary delay in language development in children aged 3 to 5 years old at the Manuel Guerrero School. Descriptive cross-sectional cohort study. The universe is made up of all children at the initial level from 3 to 5 years old, belonging to the Manuel Guerrero Basic Education School during the period 2023 2024. The Phono-audiological Sheet was applied for data collection, and the Preschool Language Scales Fifth Edition (PLS 5) test battery, to assess language age. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted through statistical tables and graphs, using the free SPSS version 29 program. Of the 61 children evaluated, 55.7% were boys and 44.3% were girls. 60.7% have normal language development while 39.3% show a slight delay. There is a greater percentage of children with normal language development; however, there is a considerable percentage who present a slight delay, predominating in the boys.
Estado auditivo en los trabajadores expuestos a ruido de la Empresa pública municipal ETAPA. Cuenca 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Padilla Ortiz, Tatiana Katherine; Pinos Guzmán, Silvia Michelle; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Identifying workers' hearing status among those exposed to noise is essential to addressing the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss. Several studies have shown that workers are unaware of the progressive deterioration of their hearing, underestimating the effects of exposure to high noise levels and improper use of hearing protection. This lack of knowledge, combined with inadequate protection, contributes to an increase in occupational diseases that affect their work performance and have irreversible consequences for their hearing health. Therefore, evaluating hearing status and associated risk factors in this population is justified. Objective: To determine the hearing status of workers exposed to noise at the municipal public company ETAPA. Cuenca 2025-2026. Methods: Descriptive-transversal research, including workers exposed to noise in the specific areas of drinking water, sewerage, and sanitation at the municipal company Etapa Cuenca who sign the informed consent form and meet the inclusion criteria. A structured medical history was applied, including demographic variables, hearing risk factors, and use of protective equipment, and audiometric evaluations were performed. The data will be entered into a matrix and analyzed in the system to obtain an audiological diagnosis. Results: We expect to determine the hearing status of workers exposed to noise at the municipal public company ETAPA, identify the risks present in their work areas, and find a high frequency of users with hearing impairments through hearing analysis. Conclusions: ETAPA workers exposed to occupational noise have a prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss of 16.9%, related to prolonged exposure to high noise levels and the inappropriate use of hearing protectors. Recommendations: Strengthen the Hearing Conservation Program through practical training, monitoring the use of hearing protection, and reducing noise at the source.
Frecuencia de disfagia en adultos mayores de los geriátricos privados del cantón Cuenca, periodos 2025 - 2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-26) Gutiérrez Lozada, María José; Garaycochea Castillo, Cristina María; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Aging is a stage of life characterized by the progressive deteriorationof cognitive and physical abilities, increasing susceptibility to various pathologies. Amongtheseis dysphagia, defined as difficulty in passing food from the mouth to the stomach, a conditionthat can compromise the health of older adults by promoting episodes of aspirationand/or penetration. The objective of this research project was to determine the frequencyof dysphagia in older adults in private nursing homes in the canton of Cuenca during theperiod2025-2026. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Theinstruments used were the data collection form, the GUSS (Gugging SwallowingScreen) test, and sections of the MBGR (Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment) protocol. Thedatawere analyzed using SPSS 29.0 ( Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version2022. Results: The sample studied consisted of 81 older adults: 55.6% had mild dysphagia, 29.6%had moderate dysphagia, 6.2% had severe dysphagia, and 8.6% did not have dysphagia. The results obtained are consistent with previous research and demonstrate theneedtostrengthen early detection and timely intervention by speech therapists, in coordinationwiththe rest of the healthcare team and caregivers, in order to preserve the quality of lifeof thispopulation.
Nivel de consistencia de alimentos adecuado para usuarios de 5 a 12 años del Instituto de Parálisis Cerebral del Azuay, 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-27) Ochoa Dominguez, Camila Belen; Nievez Valverde, Gabriela Elizabeth; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
Background: Feeding is a process that must be adapted to the needs presented by children with cerebral palsy, due to their motor, physical, and communicative impairments. This reality requires the adaptation of food consistency in order to eliminate any risk of aspiration and/or penetration. Objective: The objective of this research project was to determine the appropriate level of food consistency for users aged 5 to 12 years at the Cerebral Palsy Institute of Azuay (IPCA). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted; the instruments used were a data collection form and the international framework The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI). The data were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS software version 29.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), 2022 edition. Results: The study population consisted of 43 participants. Of these, 60.5% require a Level 3 consistency: Moderately thick / Liquidized for beverages, and 53.5% require a Level 4: Extremely thick / Pureed for foods. These results are consistent with previous studies indicating a generalized need to increase food viscosity, allowing greater opportunity to trigger the swallowing reflex, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and penetration. The findings reinforce the need to raise awareness among speech language pathologists, caregivers, parents, and the general community regarding the appropriate management of patients with cerebral palsy, promoting timely interventions and dietary adaptations that improve the quality of life of these users.
Prevalencia de trastornos de los sonidos del habla en niños de 4 a 8 años de la Unidad de Diagnóstico, Investigación Psicopedagógica y Apoyo a la Inclusión, UDIPSAI, periodo 2018-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-25) Garzón Hoyos, Anabel Dayanna; Guerra de la Torre, Orivelsys
Background: Speech sound disorders are characterized by persistent difficulties in the production of phonemes that affect speech intelligibility. They manifest when speech development does not correspond to the chronological age or cognitive capacity of the individual, generating communicative repercussions. Although its highest prevalence is concentrated in childhood, national literature shows heterogeneity in age ranges, contexts, methodologies, and variables analyzed, which limits a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and clinical behavior, highlighting the need for studies in specialized care contexts. Objective: To determine the prevalence of speech sound disorders in children aged 4 to 8 years attending the Diagnostic, Psychoeducational Research, and Inclusion Support Unit (UDIPSAI) during the period 2018-2024. Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study based on the analysis of institutional secondary data, using IBM SPSS 2022 and Microsoft Excel. Results: A higher prevalence of speech and language impairment (SLI) was observed in males with a mean age of 5.23 years. Phoneticphonological SLI was the most frequent (64.1%). The most relevant concomitant conditions were developmental language disorder and autism disorder, followed by intellectual disability, ADHD, tongue tie, hearing loss, and cleft lip and palate. Conclusions: Phonetic-phonological speech sound disorders showed the highest prevalence, with a predominance in children around five years of age and coexistence of various associated conditions.
Tinnitus en pacientes con hipoacusia en el Centro Auditivo Integral Cuenca y Azogues 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-20) Pinos Sari, Sara Pamela; Humala Sarmiento, Ariel Sebastián; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Introduction: Tinnitus is a perception of sound without an audible external source and is often associated with hearing loss. Scientific evidence reports that more than 740 million people experience tinnitus. This raises the question: What is the prevalence of tinnitus in patients with hearing loss treated at the Comprehensive Hearing Center (CAI) in Cuenca and Azogues, 2025-2026? Objectives: To determine the prevalence of tinnitus in patients over 45 years of age attending the CAI. To characterize the population according to age and sex; to classify the audiometry results and establish their prevalence according to type, degree, and extent. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Universe: Consisting of 300 patients aged 45 years and older diagnosed with hearing loss. A total of 169 patients aged 45 years and older with hearing loss were identified and analyzed in the CAI database. Results: The prevalence of tinnitus was reported at 62.1% of the total. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most frequent (46.7%), with a predominance of moderate degree in both ears (33.7%). Bilateral sensorineural, conductive, and mixed hearing loss occurred in 59.8% of cases. Thirty-two-point five percent of men reported tinnitus, with those aged 56-66 and 78-88 being the most affected. Conclusion: The study identified tinnitus in patients with hearing loss aged 45 or older treated at the CAI, with a prevalence of 62.1% during 2025-2026.

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