Ingeniería Agronómica-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/322

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Adaptación de 10 líneas promisorias de fréjol arbustivo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Santa Isabel
(1999) González C., Raúl; Déleg Pacheco, Hernán
Adaptación de cuatro variedades de melón (cucumis melo L.) y sandía (citrullus vulgaris schrad), en el valle de Yunguilla
(1991) Astudillo Padilla, Gloria; Ortiz Rodas, Ximena; Santillán Santillán, Franklin
Adaptación de seis variedades de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en el Valle de Yunguilla
(1995) Ramos Meneses, Mercy; Angamarca Molina, Oswaldo; Rivera Suárez, Florencio
Adaptación de siete híbridos de girasol (Helianthus annus L.) en el valle de Yunguilla
(1994) Astudillo Heredia, Luis Enrique; Arcos Rojas, Germán
Almacenamiento de carbono en el suelo bajo tres tipos de cobertura vegetal en los páramos andinos en la Cuenca del Río Paute
(2016-09-29) Llanos Sánchez, Edgar Patricio; Escandón Escandón, Juan Carlos; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo
Information on carbon stocks between land use types is limited in Ecuador, it is related with soil organic matter and soil texture. These relationships deserve to be evaluated in order to develop a better management and conservation of the paramo ecosystem. This research was developed in three land uses were we estimated the carbon stored in the biomass above and below ground (Depths: 0 to 10 and 10 to 30 cm). 102 monitoring sites were installed distributed between land use types (30 pine plantations, 36 disturbed paramo and 36 undisturbed paramo) and at three elevation ranges 1) P1: 2800 - 3200 m. a. s. l., 2) P2: 3200 – 3500 m. a. s. l. 3) P3: > 3500. In the sampling sites aboveground biomass were calculated. Soil samples were taken to determine the organic carbon at two depths and the method of ignition was used. The results indicated that the higher levels of soil organic carbon are in the soil at higher altitudes. Larger amounts of organic carbon were found in paramo and forest plantations. This is attributed to bulk density and also changes in soil texture. It was concluded that the soil organic carbon associated with taxonomic variables and agricultural activities. KEYWORDS: PÁRAMO, IGNITION STOCKS, AND ORGANIC MATTER
Alternativas al uso de bromuro de metilo en el cultivo de gypsophila paniculata L. Var. Million star. en el cantón Gualaceo
(2014) Coronel Chumbi, Martha Verónica; Serrano Vicuña, Luis Francisco; Bermúdez, Fernando Gerardo
The project aimed to search for the alternatives to substitute methyl bromide in the soil disinfection for the cultivation of Gypsophila paniculata L. The research took place in the province of Azuay, Gualaceo Village, specifically in ISPLANTS flower-growing, with the collaborations of the University of Cuenca, The United Nations Organization (UNIDO), the Ministry of Production (MIPRO) and the Association of Flowers Producers and Exporters from Ecuador (EXPOFLORES). The research was carried out on a plot of 967, 20 sm (square meters). A Randomly Design was applied (RD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. For the Variant Analysis (ADEVA), the INFOSTAT and 22 SPSS program was used and the Turkey´s significance test to the 5%; the realized treatments were: (chemical + micro-organisms); biologic applying biological micro-organisms to the soil and the organic ones with the bio-solarization system. Four variables were evaluated: 1. Number of weeds at 30 days of transplantation, 2. Number of dead plants throughout the crop cycle, 3. Number of shoots per plant at 40 days of the pinch, 4. Number of total exportable stems and quality on weight of the stems in total. The most promissory alternative was the T0 treatment ((Agrocelhone) + (Ballus, Tricomix, Actimax, Biol)) because it got satisfactory results. In the economic analysis, it was determined that the treatment T5 (2 kg / m² of plant material + 0.5 kg / m gallinaza) is the most profitable alternative since it has a lower variable cost with a higher net profit.
Alternativas de almacenamiento de maíz (Zea mays.L.) con miras a reducir el ataque de plagas en el período de post-cosecha
(1994) Martínez R., Juan Pablo; Rivas Carrión, Kléber
Alternativas de control de la mosca de la fruta en manzana Anna. Malus doméstica Borkb.
(1994) Encalada Calle, María Isabel; Neira Armas, Einsenhower
Alternativas de control de la planaria de la lombriz roja Eisenia Foetida
(1999) Guaman Alvarez Oliva; Neira Armas, Einsenhower
Alternativas de manejo de la pudrición basal causada por el hongo Fusarium spp. en el cultivo de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), en el cantón Palora – Morona Santiago
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-04-19) Castro Arcentales, Segundo Olivo; López Espinoza, Henry Leonardo; Larriva Coronel, Walter Iván
The yellow pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a crop of great importance in our country, since it has recently become a very profitable crop economically for the producers of Cantón Palora. However, the transition from wild plant to cultivation has brought with it several agronomic problems, including phytosanitary problems that significantly reduce the production of the plant. Among them are those caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium, which for their control the most used method has been chemical, however, the use of agrochemicals directly affects the quality of soil and water, generating limitations for producers and the environment, which is why more efficient and profitable alternatives have been sought, such as the use of antagonistic microorganisms to prevent and eradicate fungal diseases. For this reason, in the present research we experimented with alternative controls and a traditional one. The research consisted of four treatments, each treatment with 5 replications; giving a total of twenty experimental units, each with 5 yellow pitahaya stalks for a total of one hundred. The treatments consisted of drench type applications of solutions inoculated with Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis plus a chemical treatment Carboxin (Vitavax) and a control treatment, on plants infected by Fusarium. The chemical treatment proved to be the most efficient in the control of Fusarium, since it showed a lower percentage in incidence and severity of the pathogen, followed by the alternative controls Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis respectively, which proved to be more economical, but not more effective.
Alternativas para el combate de Empoasca kraemeri en el cultivo de fréjol arbustivo en el Valle de Yunguilla
(1998) Guillén Larrea, Fabián; Pozo Castro, Jorge
Análisis comparativo de los efectos de la tracción animal y motorizada con labranza vertical del suelo en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) var crespa
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-08-26) Lazo Gutiérrez, Ana Gabriela; Arciniegas Fárez, Andrés Eduardo
The present investigation was conducted in the Valle parish of Cuenca canton respectively in the Emilio Sarmiento neighborhood. The objective was to evaluate the phenological development of the lettuce crop with respect to its productivity, with the use of three tillage tools (motorized, animal and vertical tillage). Three treatments were considered as independent variables: motohoe, yunta, hoe. At different times of tillage; tilling the soil and at the end of cultivation. Physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil were evaluated under a completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) with three treatments and five repetitions. In which the infiltration variable presents significant differences. At the same time, phenological variables of the lettuce crop were evaluated where significant differences were found in the variable height and weight, in addition the weight per square meter per experimental unit was higher in T1. The work time used to carry out agricultural activities of the crop was calculated where significant differences were presented. Finally, costs and income per treatment will be calculated to verify the profitability of the crop. With the use of motorized traction. Regarding the total production costs for treatments, one of the treatments stands out. The project was profitable according to the benefit-cost ratio with greater profitability with the use of motorized traction by the other treatments
Análisis de cambio de uso y cobertura del suelo en la parroquia de Victoria del Portete mediante percepción remota
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-05) Pinos Criollo, Jonnathan Fabián; Lupercio Novillo, Rosa Lucía
Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing are used to detect and monitor changes in the land surface, which allow the development of planning and conservation strategies for a territory. The Victoria del Portete parish has experienced significant transformations in land use, social and economic dynamics in recent years. Therefore, the present research aims to analyze land use and land cover (UCS) changes between 2000 and 2023, through the processing and interpretation of satellite images, in order to understand the dynamics of land use. We have worked with multispectral satellite images from Landsat 7, Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 satellite platforms for the years 2001, 2013 and 2023, respectively. The results obtained show that, for the 2001-2013 period, the páramo and native forest coverages lost 2412 ha and 409 ha of their surface area, respectively, while pasture was the cover that gained the most surface area with 1081 ha. For the 2013-2023 period, native forest, with 1958 ha, was the cover with the greatest surface area gain. In this period there was a significant conversion of agricultural land to pasture of 421.51 ha, while the forest plantation cover lost 1067 ha of its surface area. The loss of agricultural land in the lower areas of the Victoria del Portete parish could be the result of population growth and migration, mainly due to the lack of young labor and an economic dependence on remittances and livestock activity, which together have modified the social and economic dynamics and land use in the parish.
Análisis de cambios de cobertura del suelo mediante imágenes Sentinel-2 y Landsat-8 en la subcuenca del río Burgay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-06) Murillo Patiño, María Augusta; Obando Loja, María Camila; Orellana Vintimilla, Daniel Augusto
The analysis of images captured by satellites has demonstrated their importance in the identification and monitoring of the peculiarities of the earth's surface. These studies make it possible to detect alterations over time. Our research focused on analyzing the evolution of land cover in the Burgay River sub-basin, using images from Landsat-8 OLI and Copernicus S2 Sentinel-2 MSI satellites, available at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) library. The methodology included coding in the Google Earth Engine platform and use of the Random Forest supervised classifier algorithm. Land cover maps for three time periods (2016, 2018, and 2020) were produced independently for each satellite. The accuracy of the classifications was high, reaching 95.33% (2016), 96.75% (2018), and 98.62% (2020) for Landsat-8, and 99.28% (2016), 93.65% (2018) and 98.63% (2020) for Sentinel-2. The results highlight the importance of spatial resolution in land cover identification, with a difference in change of 6.37% (2016-2020) for Landsat-8 (resolution: 30 m) and 8.97% (2016-2020) for Sentinel-2 (resolution: 10 m) .These results not only indicate land cover change and persistence, they also demonstrate the advantages and limitations of using Google Earth Engine and the public archive database in its platform to track and monitor these transitions over time.
Análisis de la aceptación y destino del crédito de desarrollo humano de la agencia BNF de Gualaceo para la crianza de pollos
(2015) Tenesaca Chacón, Galo Patricio; Palacios Valdiviezo, Manuel Alfonso
This research aims to investigate the results of "human development credit" delivered by the Development Bank in Gualaceo Canton in the period 2012-2014, with reference to the relational study to validate and measure the degree of satisfaction of the claim development human, (purchased inputs) and poultry (broilers); for which you work with the descriptive, exploratory cross method. Surveys of the beneficiaries of the Human Development Bond, who requested credit for the activity of production of broilers met the objectives of government policies apply. This credit financing production activities, which in total are 281 credit beneficiaries in Gualaceo Canton, to assess the status of individual and relational situation variable satisfaction. For which it has the necessary resource information to carry out the investigation
Análisis de la comercialización de champiñones frescos “Agaricus bisporus” en los principales supermercados de la ciudad de Cuenca - 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-11) Flores Arroyo, John Ernesto; Villa Sari, Mayra Elizabeth; Guzmán Espinoza, Clelia Kathrine
The marketing of fresh mushrooms in the city of Cuenca has seen a considerable increase in recent years. Today they are found in every supermarket in the city and even in local markets and minimarkets. However, the companies producing this mushroom are in other cities of the country the same ones that do not cover the supply required to satisfy the consumer. The problem lies in not meeting all the demand, because this is imported from other countries. For this reason, the main objective of the research was to analyze the marketing of fresh mushrooms "Agaricus bisporus" in the main supermarkets in the city of Cuenca. According to the population of Cuenca and supermarkets along with their branches located in the urban sector of the city, interviews were also applied to market managers and surveys to a target audience, being those who are economically active. The results obtained through surveys are significant; 90.21% know the existence of fungi suitable for human consumption; In addition, it was possible to show that the supermarket preferred by consumers to purchase this product is CORAL HIPERMERCADOS with a 55.06% acceptance; moreover, it is stated that 62.79% of consumers agree with the price that this is marketed. Finally, it can be concluded that the marketing of fresh mushrooms is intensifying in our city due to the high popularity that is having this product
Análisis de la diversidad bacteriana durante el proceso de compostaje, e identificación de la presencia de bacterias termófilas, a través de técnicas de biología molecular
(2018-03-21) Clavijo Rosales, Diego Fernando; Peña Tapia, Denisse Fabiola
Composting is an aerobic process in which microbial communities degrade organic substrates in order to generate a product for agriculture. These communities have been studied through traditional culturing techniques, which provide limited results of composition and population diversity; while the metagenomic analysis allow obtaining better results of characterization of microbial communities. In the present study, the behavior of bacterial diversity during the composting process of two large-scale plants, each with different substrates (municipal waste and pig sturgeon), were analyzed. And assessed the relationship of physical-chemical parameters with the richness and microbial diversity. In addition, we isolated and identified thermophilic bacteria and formed a bio-bank of these strains. Bacterial diversity was determined by electrophoretic separation of the amplicons generated, from the 16S region of the rDNA, in denaturing gradient denaturing polyacrylamide gels (DGGE). The identification of thermophilic bacteria was carried out by sequencing and PCR technique with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with AluI enzymes, comparing with restriction patterns obtained from the Serial Cloner and NCBI sequences. The results showed that the two plants under study present a similar diversity value; On the other hand, the type of microbial population within a composting process is defined mainly by the substrate. Likewise, the factor that most correlates with bacterial diversity is pH. In total 45 isolates were obtained from the therm row stage, mainly belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, and to the genera Bacillus, Ureibacillus, Geobacillus, Brevibacillus.
Análisis de la diversidad florística y suelos en relación al impacto del pastoreo en páramos herbáceos de la subcuenca del río San Francisco. Shaglli-Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-25) Garcés Barros, Tatiana Alexandra; Jiménez Arpi, Favio Alexander; Arciniegas Fárez, Andrés Eduardo
The paramos play an important role as water regulators and various functions. Its main threat to its deterioration is the increase in livestock in these páramos, with lives tock being the main cause of the loss of floristic diversity and soil compaction. These caused damages deserve to be evaluated in order to take actions to protect them. This research was developed in the paramos of Puculcay and Huertas (Shaglli): with the objective of estimating the floristic diversity and the impact on the soil in non- intervened páramos and in intervened páramos with grazing, for this, 40 study plots were implemented: 20 in non-intervened páramos and 20 in intervened, these sites were distributed in altitudinal floors between 3430 to 4092 m a.s.l. Soil samples were taken at the sampling sites to determine Organic Matter (OM), Apparent Density (DA), Infiltration, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and macronutrients, and a t the same time, plant counts were carried out to determine alpha beta and gamma diversity. and its correlation. Having DA results in non-intervened páramos 1,183 g/cm3, while in intervened1,508. In the pH, both zones present acidic soils with averages of 4.87. The average OM value in both zones is 18.7, being soils with high OM content. The 40 plots studied show values below 1 mS/cm in CE. Infiltration in protected páramos presents lower values of 0.25 cmh-1 de. The results of floristic diversity averages of 20 species were obtained in non- intervened páramos while in intervened páramos a total of 9, which reveals a greater richness and abundance in non-intervened páramos, in addition to a beta diversity of 55% of similarity in species between the two páramos, in turn a range diversity of 81% that is diverse throughout the community studied.
Análisis de la diversidad funcional, estimación de carbono mediante ecuaciones alométricas y la cantidad de particulados presentes en especies leñosas de los cuatro biocorredores de los ríos en la zona urbana de Cuenca, Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-13) Inga Ayavaca, Karina Estefanía; Zea Dávila, Pedro René
Urban vegetation complies with various ecosystem services used by humans, such as carbon retention in its aerial structure and the retention of particulate material in its leaves, these services vary in quantity depending on the plant species, for this reason reason. The objectives of this research were to analyze functional diversity, estimate carbon through allometric equations and the amount of particulates present in woody species on the banks of the four river biocorridors in the urban area of Cuenca, Azuay. Measurements were made in three randomly established plots in each of the 4 rivers in the urban area of Cuenca, identifying species, measuring the factors number of individuals, height, diameter at breast height and particulate matter, leaf areas. The results obtained in the diversity of species show a total of 327 sampled individuals, in a total of 16 botanical families, of which Eucalyptus globulus was the predominant species in the rivers of Cuenca with 63.9% of the data collected and a Medium and low alpha diversity of the banks of the Cuenca rivers sampled. Ligustrum japonicum was the species that presented a greater uptake of particulate matter in the leaves with 16.03 mg/cm2. Finally, the species Eucalyptus globulus presented the highest carbon uptake in its aerial structure with 699.27 kg/plant.
Análisis de la eficiencia de una herramienta manual para deshierbe y aporque en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en Nero, Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-08-06) Naula Alvarracin, Jonattan Isdrael; Arciniegas Fárez, Andrés Eduardo
The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of a hand tool for weeding and ridging in corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation in Nero, Azuay, for which three specific objectives were established. First, soil characteristics before crop establishment (AEC) and after hilling (POST/AP) were compared to evaluate any significant changes caused by the use of the hand tool. Secondly, phenological behavior was evaluated at three planting densities, d1(0.50m), d2(0.75) and d3(1m) between rows, to determine the influence of this on crop development. Finally, production costs were estimated, using the manual tool T2 (furrower), compared to traditional tools T1 (hoe), to evaluate the economic viability and efficiency of the use of this tool. The results showed that, for seven parameters of the physical-chemical properties of the soil evaluated, the %MO was the only variable that presented significant statistical differences in relation to the treatments T1 and T2, on the other hand, the densities d3 presented significant differences in plant height, number of leaves and stem thickness as opposed to d1 and d2, so T2 had greater time efficiency compared to T1, in relation to production costs. Analyzing this study allows opting for alternatives to improve labor productivity in the cultivation of corn (Zea mays L.) in Nero, Azuay