Ingeniería Ambiental-Pregrado

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Browsing Ingeniería Ambiental-Pregrado by Subject "Agua"

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    Análisis de los impactos del cambio de uso de suelo y el cambio climático sobre la disponibilidad del agua en la cuenca alta del río Paute
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-31) González Salazar, Edwin Juan; Largo Cantos, Cristhian Dereck; Avilés Añazco, Alex Manuel; Zhiña Villa, Darío Xavier
    Climate variations related to climate change (CC) and the dynamics of land cover/land use change (CCUS) can modify hydrological regimes and water availability. Both factors are present in the Paute river basin; hence, the importance of studying the individual and combined influence of these two factors. The present study analyzed water availability in the sub-basins of the Tomebamba, Yanuncay and Tarqui rivers that are part of the upper Paute river basin; for this purpose, a physical-based hydrological model (SWAT) was calibrated and validated for the period 2015 - 2021, for a subsequent projection until the mid-21st century, applying projections of scenarios RCP4. 5 and RCP8.5 scenarios obtained from 4 GCMs of the CMIP5 project database, and CCUS projections under a trend scenario, using a Weights of Evidence methodology, and Cellular Automata through EGO Dynamics. In the configuration of the hydrological model, 5 meteorological stations and 3 hydrological stations belonging to ETAPA were used, in which a quality control. The hydrological model was evaluated by applying precision statistics (NSE, R2, PBIAS and RSR), presenting satisfactory results and an adequate representation of the hydrology of the study area. The results of the CUSS projection showed a decrease in moorland and forest areas due to an increase in anthropic and agricultural areas focused on lower altitude areas close to population centers. On the other hand, the analysis of the CC projection showed an increase in precipitation intensities and temperature increases in all scenarios. Regarding water availability projections, the combined analysis of the CC and CCUS scenarios indicated an increase in the volume of water entering the hydrographic system and in water yield. Showing a greater influence to the CC than to the CCUS factor. The present investigation allowed us to evaluate the changes in water availability due to CC effects and CCUS dynamics. This knowledge could provide information to decision makers for the management of control, regulation and protection of water resources.
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    Efectos de los controladores hidrometeorológicos en la concentración del carbono orgánico disuelto (COD) en el agua de suelo y río de una cuenca de páramo andino
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-02-12) De Mera Rodríguez, Samuel Eli; Jerves Ramírez, Mateo Josué; Crespo Sánchez, Patricio Javier
    The Páramo ecosystem has high importance for High-Andean communities, because its capacity of storage water, capacity attributed in part to the high content of carbon in the soils. This property could be altered by changes in the soils characteristics, hydrometeorology and landscape variables. Despite the above, there is low information about the carbon dynamics in this ecosystem. For this reason, in this study we analyze the influence of hydrometeorological Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentration controls on the soil and stream water in an Andean Páramo catchment. For this purpose, a temporal, correlation and discriminant analysis by flow conditions and a dispersion type analysis between the measured hydrometeorological parameters and the concentration of DOC in the soil and flow water was carried out. The study catchment (Zhurucay river catchment) is located in southern Ecuador, 85 km southwest of the city of Cuenca, where the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory has been established. This catchment has an area of 3.28 Km2 with an altitude range between 3656 and 3917 m a.s.l. and a relatively uniform precipitation distribution throughout the year with a rainfall volume of around 1200 mm per year. It was observed that the DOC concentration had a variation related to the precipitation for stream water, while in soil water no variability linked to precipitation was observed. However, when the effect of the hydrometeorological variables was analyzed, it was found that precipitation, evapotranspiration and streamflow were the variables with the greatest influence on DOC dynamics for all the studied compartments. In conclusion, the greatest controller of DOC concentration in the Páramo ecosystem is precipitation, which is closely related to streamflow. Both variables can be significantly influenced by climate change and land use changes, so the COD concentration can be an initial indicator of these changes.
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    Estudio comparativo de la capacidad depuradora de Phragmites Australis y Cyperus Papyrus en humedales artificiales subsuperciales de flujo vertical para el tratamiento de aguas residuales en el cantón Santa Isabel
    (2015) Patiño Chávez, Jhanina Fabiola; Zhinín Chimbo, Fanny Lucía; García Ávila, Fausto Fernando
    The present investigation has as purpose, to carry out a comparative study of the purifying capacity of pollutants using two species of plants in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands to the treatment of domestic waste waters. The species used are Phragmitesaustralis (reed) and Cyperus Papyrus (papyrus). For this object we took a flow of the third lagoon treatment plant waste water El Guabo Santa Isabel Canton, and it was applied to two pilot scale units with continuous flow. To analyze the removal percentage through physical, chemical and biological parameters were taken samples in income and output in each of the experimental units. The results obtained in the test experiments with both species indicate that the papyrus has a greater capacity to remove pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus and coliforms total and fecal (E. coli); in the case of reed retains as much solid. Therefore, the species with more efficiency was the papyrus.