Ingeniería Ambiental-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/284

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Efectos del uso del suelo sobre la calidad del agua, en las captaciones ubicadas en la microcuenca del río Tabacay, pertenecientes a la empresa pública municipal de agua potable, alcantarillado y saneamiento ambiental del cantón Azogues
(2017) Sucuzhañay Guamán, Rubén Darío; Guanuchi Quito, Alexandra Elizabeth
The present study analyzed how the use of soil (shrub vegetation and pasture) around the water abstraction of the municipal public company of potable water, sewage and environmental sanitation of the canton Azogues affects the quality of the water captured for its purification. Through the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) a map was generated that represents the degree of water erosion within the micro basin. Subsequently, extractions of USLE fragments were carried out for the areas near the catchments in order to establish the degree of erosion associated to the catchments and to determine the relevance of the erosion for each catchment. To determine the relationship between the different land uses and the decrease in the water quality that reaches the company's catchments, a variety of laboratory tests were used, an analysis of variance for each variable, a multivariate analysis and discriminant canonical analysis. When the USLE was related to the use and cover of soil around the catchments, it was determined that, in ravines that do not have an adequate degree of conservation, more erosion occurs. And since the Condoryacu stream is the most conserved within the micro-basin, the data of the physicochemical analyzes have lower levels. While the Llaucay creek has the largest pasture extension being a livestock area, high levels of total and fecal coliform concentrations are observed, thus exceeding the norm. In addition, a constant in all ravines is that the true color parameter exceeds what is stipulated in the regulation as a maximum limit. On the other hand, it can be ensured that within the micro-basin there are no erosion problems since most of its territory is in a mild or moderate category, according to the classification established by FAO in 1981. It is established that the variables that most influence the water quality of the micro watershed are: total and fecal coliforms, which are related to the use of soil of the entire ravine and not only to the surrounding area. The physicochemical and microbiological data used were obtained during the period from August 2015 to August 2016.
Pronóstico de lluvia utilizando métodos estadísticos en la Cuenca del Río Paute”
(2018) Deleg Pañi, Franklin Alfredo; Avilés Añazco, Alex Manuel
The need to increase the knowledge about rainfall models to contribute to the understanding of the hydrologic cycle, the possibility of applying statistical methods in the Paute river basin is verified. We was able to understand and observed that the climatic variability of precipitation in a region is strongly influenced by variations in sea surface temperatures (TSM) of the oceans surrounding it. Future climatic conditions are not easy to predict accurately; an approximation it would be very useful for the better understanding of precipitation patterns and forecasting of the future conditions to which a place could be exposed. This will allow analysis of the risks posed by precipitation extremes (droughts and floods) and design prevention and mitigation actions to reduce impacts on the population. Main objective of this project was development a rainfall forecast using statistical models and predict the seasonal variation in a probabilistic way on Paute basing. For this reason a canonical correlation analysis was used, and validation of application of this models was carried out by means of skill scores, through by comparison of observed and modeled values. Results shows the efficiency of this statistical method to identify associations, through a multivariate approach, where standardized index of precipitation act as predicating. Correlations and canonical charges founded, indicate a correspondence between the variables and the temperature of the sea surface that acts as a predictor in period 1981-2010.
Efecto de la industria agropecuaria sobre la histéresis durante eventos de caudal en la relación concentración-caudal de DBO, DQO, nitratos y turbidez en la cuenca de páramo andino del río Quinuas
(2018) Calderón Vargas, Rodrigo Bayardo; Ramírez Alava, Juan Esteban; Crespo Sánchez, Patricio Javier
Cajas National Park is the main supplier of high quality water for human and industrial consumption in Cuenca. The changes in land use (agricultural industry) and climate change can alter the essential functions of this ecosystem, mainly hydric regulation. In this research, hysteresis loops of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrate (NO3-N) and turbidity were studied at five minutes intervals, from January 1, 2015 to December 20, 2016, during discharge events in the Quínuas River. For the study, there were two automatic water quality stations (UV-vis absorbance spectrometer) in the upper part (not disturbed sub-basin Virgen) and in the lower part of the basin (disturbed by agricultural industry sub-basin Chirimachay). According the obtained results, COD was the parameter that showed the most notable change in the hysteresis, rotating mainly clockwise in Virgen sub-basin, while in Chirimachay sub-basin counterclockwise prevailed. These differences could be related with the anthropogenic activities in Chirimachay. Such information could apply as baseline in order to identify some deterioration in páramo ecosystems in the future. In this way the knowledge regard hydrogeochemical processes in the páramos is improved, been a key issue for the management of these ecosystems that have not been well studied.
Análisis de los métodos de interpolación en la distribución espacial de los contaminantes ozono y material particulado menor a 10 micras y su relación con enfermedades alérgicas en niños de 3 a 5 años de edad en el área urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2019-01-28) Guamán Pintado, Pamela Maricela; Mejía Coronel, Julio Danilo
In recent years in the city of Cuenca, industrial activities, construction, and the automotive park have generated an increase in atmospheric pollutant concentrations, causing health problems especially in children to represent a vulnerable population, impacting on diseases such as diseases allergic and increased hypersensitivity to inhaled aeroallergens in the environment. Given that geographic information systems (GIS) represent a fundamental tool for the assessment of air pollution through spatial interpolation. The present investigation determines the method of interpolation that best fits the spatial distribution of the pollutants ozone (O3) and particulate material less than 10 microns (PM10) and its relationship with allergic diseases in children from 3 to 5 years of age. The validation and comparison of the methods allowed us to conclude that the method of inverse distance weighting (IDW), which is an exact and deterministic method, has better results in the estimation of concentrations, compared to Kriging, which is a geostatistical method, a coefficient was obtained of Pearson correlation (r) of 0.6 for O3 and 0.64 for PM10, determining that IDW presents better behavior with atmospheric pollutants. In addition, it was identified that 32% of the study population has a hypersensitivity reaction in the application of skin tests to inhalants, with 52% being the highest percentage of positive reports belonging to the female gender, however no significant relationship was found between contaminants atmospheric with the prevalence of allergic diseases.
Evaluación de la sostenibilidad e impacto en la nutrición sostenible de la granja agrícola ´El Romeral´ de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2019-09-05) González Jiménez, Francisco Xavier; Cazar Ramírez, María Elena
Local and global environmental problems demand a sustainable management of natural resources. The present work evaluates the environmental sustainability of the farm “El Romeral” (Guachapala, Azuay), owned by Universidad de Cuenca. Applying the Ecologycal Footprint Indicator, and assessing the sustainable food habits of high school students from Guachapala was part of the actions of this project. Besides, we inquired the demand of the agricultural products produced in the farm in its vicinity. The ecological deficit was estimated in -11.93 global hectares (hag); resulting from substracting the Ecological Footprint (71.93 hag) from the Biocapacity (60 hag). From the questionnaires, 80% of the students agree with sustainable food habits, being their relation with nature and self-transcendence, factors with bilateral positive correlation. In order to improve the farm sustainability and reduce the Ecologycal Footprint, the products should be commercialized in the vicinity.

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