Facultad de Ingeniería Tesis Maestrías
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Browsing Facultad de Ingeniería Tesis Maestrías by Subject "Agua"
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Item Determinación de contaminación difusa en la Cuenca del río Tomebamba en Monay(2016) Vintimilla Palacios, Diego Mauricio; Cisneros Espinoza, Felipe EduardoABSTRACT Diffuse pollution values was determined in the basin of the river Tomebamba Monay according to land use. To do this, three sites were selected: i. Tomebamba Monay ii. Matadero Sayausí and iii. Llaviuco, in which a flow monitoring and sampling campaigns 27 was performed by analyzing four water quality parameters (TSS, NO3, BOD and COD) for a period of 10 months, covering the wet, dry and seasonal average. In addition, 11 sites were identified relevant point pollution in the basin with their sampling campaigns. The values of point source pollution from these sources were brought to each of the three sites using a one-dimensional mathematical model of contaminant transport for conservative substances. Diffuse pollution of each parameter related to the percentage of land use at each site, determining the respective rates. The results indicate that Llaviuco and Matadero generate low contamination rates compared with Tomebamba watershed. The latter has values of 2 500 kg/d/km2 solids, 12 kg/d/km2 for nutrients and organic matter of 270 kg/d/ km2, for wet seasonality and urban areas. We conclude that wet seasonality and the most intervened basins are those that generate higher rates of diffuse pollution, urbanization being that produces a significant effect on the bodies of water, followed by agricultural-forest-moor exotic and native forest finally, denoting the importance of plans or strategies for watershed conservation.Item Diseño de un sistema de telemetría y telecontrol (SCADA) para la red de distribución de agua potable de la ciudad de Loja(2010) Aleaga Loaiza, Leonel Francisco; Ponce Vásquez, Diego ArturoItem Effect of land cover and hydro-meteorological controls on soil water leachate doc concentrations in a high-elevation tropical environment(2018-01-08) Pesántez Vallejo, Juan Patricio; Windhorst, David; Mosquera Rojas, Giovanny Mauricio; Crespo Sánchez, Patricio JavierPáramo soils store high amounts of organic carbon. However, climate change and changes in land cover/use may cause a decrease in their carbon storage capacity. As such, a better understanding of the factors influencing the páramo soils carbon storage and export is urgently needed. To fill this knowledge gap we selected the Quinuas Ecohydrological Observatory (91.3 km²) in south Ecuador, and study the hydro-meteorological conditions controlling the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the soil water for the four main land cover types (tussock grass, natural forest, pine plantations and pasture). Weekly soil water samples for DOC analysis, as well as meteorological variables and soil water content and temperature probes (5-min intervals) from various depth and slope positions were monitored within the soils’ organic and mineral horizons between October 2014 and January 2017. These data was used to generate regression trees and random forest statistical models in order to identify controllers of soil water DOC concentrations. Our results evidenced that land cover is the most important predictor in the models, followed by sampling depth and soil moisture. Natural forest have been identified with the higher DOC concentrations in soil water followed by pasture, tussock grass and pine forest. DOC concentrations also increase with decreasing soil moisture (except when soil moisture is >0.56 m³ m-³ in natural forest). The latter shows that land cover change and factors that affect soil moisture conditions over time, are very likely to lead significant changes in DOC concentrations in soil water and therefore in streams.Item Proyección del Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo, e innovación Complejo Hidropoder Paute(2014) Bernal Bernal, Aurelio Armando; García Renté, ManuelKnowledge is currently the fundamental factor for the development and competitiveness of countries, and therefore, for social well-being. Knowledge is mainly generated in research, development, and innovation centers (R+D+I) both in universities and independently. Now more than ever, science and technology are indispensable tools for the construction of modern and including societies. The strengthening of scientific research and technological innovation are essential tasks to support development and to compete in environments increasingly dominated by knowledge and information. Ecuador is one of the countries on Earth that owns more fresh water per m2 at a superficial level. However, this great water potential has not been adequately exploited. As a consequence, it is necessary to carry out scientific investigation projects in order to generate technology innovation and development for the use of these water resources as a way to contribute to the progress of the country. Ecuador’s water strength requires it to “increase its short-term, medium-term, and long-term development in scientific, technical, economic, and social systemic pillars supported on water,” such as: a) Hydroelectric Projects; b) Solar Hydro Trackers; c) Hydrogen; d) Hydraulic Rams; and e) Eco-hydro-impact; among others. Starting from this broad range of possibilities, the creation of Paute Hydropower Complex has been planned in the Hydropaute Business Unit of Ecuador’s Electric Corporation (CELEC EP). This has been conceived as a reference center of Ecuador in technological research, development, and innovation applied to Power Hydro Generation. The development of this work is based on a detailed analysis of the literature review that sustains and justifies the importance of the creation of a Research Center such as the Paute Hydropower Complex for Ecuador. Its activities will be organized around research, development and innovation projects (R+D+I) of social-economic interest and supported by the greatest strength of the country: its water resources. Besides, the guidelines to be followed for the creation of the Paute Hydropower Complex are presented so that it is conceived as a Center that will contribute to the sustainable development of the Ecuadorian society through its social function related to (renewable) energies, energy efficiency and their interrelation with the environment, trying to reach the following results: • To increase the access to the knowledge of the water sources and the technologies for their use. • To create a knowledge platform that will be one of the pillars of the Research Center. • To increase the access to a stable and sustainable energy service based on the sources of water energy. • To train new researchers able to satisfy the needs of R+D+I in the Hydro-energy sector in particular. In conclusion, the Project of the Research, Development, and Innovation Center, “Paute Hydro-power Complex,” is carried out so as to constitute a generating source of sustainable technological alternatives and to contribute to the solution of the energy, environmental, and economical problems of Ecuador, encouraging its competitiveness and development. In this sense, the mission, vision, organic structure, and objectives of the Research Center are established. Besides, the Center’s guidelines for investigation are developed and its main initial projects are presented. These will serve as the starting point for the investigation and creation of knowledge in the Paute Hydropower Complex.